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Biomedical subjects

G Sufrin

Publications and source records attributed to G Sufrin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Diet in the epidemiology of bladder cancer in western New York.

We present the dietary epidemiology of bladder cancer while controlling for a number of lifestyle and environmental risk factors in a study of 351 white male cases with histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 855 white male controls selected from Erie, Niagara, and Monroe counties of western New York from 1979 to 1985. Usual diet was estimated by comprehensive interviews with use of a detailed food frequency questionnaire. An increased risk of bladder cancer was associated with higher kilocalorie intake, but only among those under 65 years of age, with the strongest pattern associated with fat intake. Further analyses of fat, carbohydrates, and protein, with adjustment for total kilocalories, resulted in a positive association of risk with fat intake and a decreasing risk with higher protein intake. Of the vitamins, carotenoid consumption appeared to decrease risk with increased consumption for those under 65 years of age. No significant differences between cases and controls were seen for intake of calcium, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E. After adjustment for kilocalories and other confounders, higher intake of dietary sodium was associated with increased risk among both age groups, and the trends were statistically significant. The importance of diet in the etiology of bladder cancer is suggested by our findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of testicular cancer in upstate New York.

In a study of 250 cases of cancer of the testis and of neighborhood- and age-matched controls in upstate New York in 1977-1980, the authors found that risk was enhanced by possession of a number of traits associated with exposure of the testis to heat; occupational exposures to fertilizers, phenols, and fumes or smoke; and trauma to the testis. Risk was also increased for characteristics related to congenital and developmental aberrancies and testis-related abnormalities, e.g., low sperm count, fertility problems, atrophic testis, and cryptorchidism. Several of these risk factors were statistically significant in a multiple regression model that adjusted for all other significant traits, age, and education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Paraneoplastic and serologic syndromes of renal adenocarcinoma.

In renal carcinoma, the inappropriate, unscheduled, or aberrant production of hormones and other serologic markers and the resulting clinical or biochemical syndromes are unique manifestations of this tumor. The elaboration of biologically active factors by renal adenocarcinoma may add a metabolic burden to an already compromised host, and thus affect therapy and prognosis; they should be considered before ascribing symptoms to metastasis or dissemination. Similarly it has been suggested that the elaboration of biologically-inactive peptides and proteins is a very common concomitant of neoplasia and the identification of such factors may facilitate earlier diagnosis and novel therapies in patients with renal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

The influence of urinary macromolecules on calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth.

The Constant Composition (CC) kinetics method has been used for studying the mineralization of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) at sustained supersaturations in the presence of pre-bladder urine and macromolecules isolated from normal urine and kidney and bladder stones. The method is especially sensitive for investigating the inhibitory activities of these urinary macromolecular components (UMMC) and matrix macromolecular components (MMMC) with a coefficient of variation in growth rate of approximately 2%. Significant COM mineral inhibition was observed in a wide molecular weight region of urine components. Urine removed directly from the kidney showed appreciable inhibitory activity towards COM crystallization. Normal urinary proteins and the dissolved precipitate resulting from urine centrifugation were fractionated by gel filtration. The resulting solutions were mostly COM mineralization inhibitors. Electrodialysis was utilized to isolate the MMMC (greater than 7000 d) of renal and bladder calculi. While these solutions inhibited COM crystallization, they were also found to be calcium binders as measured by the calcium electrode.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1985

Kinetics of formation of renotropic growth factor.

In the Wistar/Furth rat, twenty-four hours after unilateral nephrectomy, the remaining contralateral kidney produces maximum amounts of renotropic growth factors. These factors stimulate tumor growth in recipient rats with s.c. Wilms tumor, but have no effect on kidney weight. In tumor-free recipients, kidney hypotrophy results when the factors are administered.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Specificity of renotropin receptors in murine Wilms tumor model.

Contralateral kidneys, removed forty-eight hours after unilateral nephrectomy, contain renotropic growth factors with different effects on normal kidney and Wistar/Furth rat Wilms tumor. Receptors on tumor cells bind factors which, when eluted followed by in vivo bioassay, stimulate the growth of Wilms tumor. Receptors on normal kidney cortex cells bind factors which, when eluted, produce kidney hypotrophy in nontumor-bearing rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Heterotransplantation of human transitional cell carcinoma in athymic mice.

Human bladder tumors were obtained and transplanted into nude mice or other control animals. Tumor measurements, growth rate and selected histological studies were completed. No correlation between the growth of the tumor in the nude mouse and the clinical course of histologic tumor appearance in the host was detected. Metastases were not found. This feature has been noted generally to be uncommon in the nude mice model with some other human tumors. Despite careful technique tumor growth was achieved in only 40% of the appropriate experiments. The factors responsible for this variability and different growth rate in the nude mouse require further assessment before the results of other experimental treatments can be evaluated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prostatitis in the rat.

A high incidence of spontaneous, non-acute, age-dependent prostatitis was observed in the lateral prostate of Copenhagen rats and Wistar rats. The lumen of infected acini was filled with polymorphonuclear leucocytes, shed epithelial cells and cell residues. Epithelial cells lining such acini showed degenerative changes. Lymphocytes and macrophages were seen in the stroma. A histochemically observed increase in acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activity in affected epithelial cells may indicate an increased lysosomal activity. Some bacteriological cultures of infected lateral prostates were positive for Proteus vulgaris and diphtheroids. It is suggested that this spontaneous rat prostatitis may be a useful model for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of human non-acute prostatitis.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Adenosine deaminase activity in a transplantable murine renal adenocarcinoma.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was studied in tumor tissue, spleen, and bone marrow of animals bearing a transplantable murine renal carcinoma. Tumor tissue and splenic ADA specific activities were elevated in these animals when compared to controls although splenic specific activity subsequently declined with increasing tumor burden. Marrow ADA specific activity was the same in tumor bearing animals as in controls regardless of variations in tumor size. Studies of this enzyme may offer insight into salvage pathways of purine biosynthesis thereby suggesting exploitable targets for chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Studies of renin-aldosterone axis in stable normotensive and hypertensive renal allograft recipients.

Functional aspects of the renin-aldosterone axis were investigated in long-term normotensive and hypertensive renal allograft recipients. Unstimulated plasma renin and aldosterone levels were within control range in all patients and rose significantly in response to sodium depletion. However, no difference in the stimulated renin and aldosterone values between normotensive and hypertensive patients was noted. Baseline aldosterone secretory rates were elevated in all patients, but were higher in hypertensive patients than in normotensive patients. In both groups sodium depletion failed to augment this already elevated aldosterone secretion rate. Possibly, changes in the body pool and/or metabolic clearance rate of aldosterone account for elevations in plasma levels despite a relatively fixed secretory rate, though the role played by the lack of normal innervation of the kidneys cannot be ignored. It is unknown whether these observations may be causal or affected by other presently unknown or unmonitored factors. This in part may reflect unfolding problems in the understanding of nonrenal transplant hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Adenosine deaminase activity in patients with carcinoma of the bladder.

Adenosine deaminase is an important enzyme in purine metabolism, and patients with abnormal lymphocyte and erythrocyte adenosine deaminase levels have been shown to have impaired immune competence. Since immune factors have been shown to be important in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder we studied adenosine deaminase activity in the hemic cells of 48 patients with this tumor. Lymphocyte adenosine deaminase levels were elevated in patients with transitional cell carcinoma and correlated with stage, activity, clinical course and tumor resection but not with tumor grade. Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase levels also were elevated in patients with transitional cell carcinoma but did not correlate with other disease parameters. Lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity in patients with transitional cell carcinoma may be a sensitive indicator of disease activity and further studies may provide insight into the host-tumor relationship at the enzyme level.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1978

Coagulation factors in renal adenocarcinoma.

Coagulation factors, including plasma fibrinogen, serum fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products, platelet counts and prothrombin times, were studied in patients with renal adenocarcinoma. Plasma fibrinogen levels were elevated and correlated with tumor stage, disease activity and therapy. Fibrinogen-fibrin degradation product levels also were elevated, although such elevations did not correlate with other parameters. Platelet count and prothrombin times were normal. Fibrinogen may be a valuable marker of disease activity in patients with renal carcinoma. In addition, since significant intratumoral fibrin deposits have been demonstrated anticoagulants or fibrinolytic agents may enhance cytotoxic therapy and should be considered in adjunctive chemotherapeutic protocols.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Studies of lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity in patients with renal and transitional cell carcinoma.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a critical enzyme in purine metabolism and lymphocyte ADA activity is specifically related to immunocompetence in man. Since immunologic factors are relevant in patients with renal and transitional cell carcinoma, we studied lymphocyte ADA activity in these patients. In renal adenocarcinoma patients lymphocyte ADA activity was reduced. Such reductions were most marked in low-as compared to high-stage lesions. Nephrectomy resulted in a rise and disease progression in a decline in ADA activity. In contrast, bladder, carcinoma patients showed elevated lymphocyte ADA activity most marked in high-stage lesions. Disease progression was associated with a rise and tumor resection with a decline in lymphocyte ADA activity. Discordance in patterns of lymphocyte ADA activity when patients with renal and transitional cell carcinoma are compared suggests unique host-tumor interactions at the enzyme level. Studies of ADA may offer insight into molecular aspects of immune mechanisms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Adenosine deaminase activity in patients with renal adenocarcinoma.

Erythrocyte and lymphocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels were studied in 31 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Decreased lymphocyte ADA levels occurred in patients with RCC. Erythrocyte ADA levels were reduced only in blood type B and O patients. Nephrectomy resulted in a rise in lymphocyte and erythrocyte ADA levels. Progression of clinical disease was associated with a fall in lymphocyte ADA values in all patients and with a rise in erythrocyte levels only in blood type A patients. Our results suggest that changes in erythrocyte and lymphocyte ADA levels in RCC patients are acquired and may offer insight into host-tumor interactions.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

Secondary involvement of the bladder in malignant lymphoma.

A study of 599 patients who had died of malignant lymphoma between 1952 and 1972 revealed involvement of the bladder in 13 per cent. Bladder involvement was always a secondary event, occurred in association with disseminated disease and was more common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than in Hodgkin's disease. Direct infiltration from adjacent pelvic foci as well as discrete apparent metastatic foci was noted. Involvement was usually microscopic although the presence of gross disease was invariably clinically manifest. Cystoscopy and cystography were valuable in the diagnosis of gross lesions. In contrast to primary vesical lymphoma the treatment of secondary vesical lymphoma was symptomatic and an operation was indicated rarely. Local radiotherapy was effective in treating the symptoms of secondary vesical lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Hormones in renal cancer.

Plasma renin, erythropoietin and chorionic gonadotropin levels were evaluated in 57 patients with renal adenocarcinoma. Renin elevation, found in 37 per cent, was unrelated to blood pressure levels but was associated with high grade, high stage lesions of mixed histologic cell type and predicted a poor prognosis. Erythropoietin was raised in 63 per cent of patients and was more sensitive than renin in indicating the presence of renal adenocarcinoma. However, it was less specific and did not correlate directly with tumor grade, stage, histologic type, prognosis or hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. None of the patients had elevated chorionic gonadotropin levels. Therefore, we believe that renin and erythropoietin determinations may be of value as biochemical tumor markers in renal adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacokinetic studies of a transplantable murine renal adenocarcinoma.

An animal model to investigate new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of renal adenocarcinoma has been further studied. This model is based on a transplantable murine renal adenocarcinoma whose growth follows Gompertzian kinetics, relates to tumor RNA and DNA content, and also correlates with the rate of tumor DNA synthesis. This model in the current study was also evaluated for the ability of various therapeutic agents to inhibit tumor DNA synthesis. Such tests may be valuable for the preclinical screening of potentially useful drugs and may provide insight into fundamental aspects of tumor control. In this study, CCNU, BCNU, and adriamycin were potent inhibitors of tumor DNA synthesis whereas cytosine arabinoside, bleomycin, and cyclophosphamide were not. These observations were confirmed by autoradiography and correlated with other experimental end points of tumor therapy such as tumor weight and animal survival. This preclinical screening model is an effective and helpful means whereby new drugs and drug combinations can be tested for potential use in human renal cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗