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Biomedical subjects

G T Brown

Publications and source records attributed to G T Brown.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome: proposed management using a cognitive-behavioral approach.

In recent years, fibromyalgia has become an increasingly recognized chronic syndrome. Although it occurs more frequently in adults, it is also seen among school-age children and adolescents. In such cases, it is known as juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome (JFS). The widespread pain and other possible symptoms associated with JFS can have a negative impact on the occupational performance and developmental tasks of children and adolescents. As experts in the areas of occupational performance, daily functional skills, and child development, occupational therapists have a potential role to play in the assessment and management of children and adolescents with JFS. To date, however, no occupational therapy management approach for clients with JFS has been documented in the professional literature. In this paper, we outline the clinical features of JFS, pertinent assessment areas, and potential management strategies using a cognitive-behavioral approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Replication research: a purposeful occupation worth repeating.

It is common for researchers to request at the end of their published studies, the urgency for further studies to be completed. Unfortunately there are very few published studies that have replicated original studies. The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for understanding issues related to replication research that will assist occupational therapy researchers, clinicians, managers, students and educators to realize the importance of implementing and publishing replication research to establish evidence-based practice. Various areas related to replication research are explored. In addition, a computerized literature search using the search term 'replication' was completed. Only four articles published between 1982-1998 were discovered. This article concludes with recommendations to ensure replication studies are included in the occupational therapy literature and utilized in clinical practice.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1995

Relationship of uterine blood flow to chorionic sac and embryo growth rates.

The embryonic period of development is characterized by marked variability in the rate of embryonic growth and development. Differences in uterine blood flow may explain this variability. We investigated the relationship between uterine artery blood flow volume (VOL), uterine artery pulsatility index (UA-PI), uterine artery resistance index (UA-RI), spiral artery pulsatility index (SA-PI), spiral artery resistance index (SA-RI), chorionic sac diameter (CSD), and crown-rump length (CRL) during 321 first trimester vaginal colour Doppler ultrasound examinations of 94 delivered or continuing pregnancies. After correcting for the confounding effect of gestational age, subject, and serum hormone levels by Analysis of Covariance, CRL was related to UA-PI (P = 0.025) and UA-RI (P < 0.001), but not to VOL, SA-PI, or SA-RI. No relationship was found between CSD and any uterine blood flow variables. Serum oestradiol levels were related to CSD and CRL (P < 0.001). No relationship was found to progesterone, maternal age, parity, or previous abortion. We conclude that differences in uterine blood flow and serum oestradiol explain some of the variability in the rate of embryo growth during the first 12 gestational weeks.

Arteries↗
PubMed1994

Effect of standing on non-pregnant uterine blood flow.

Uterine artery blood flow measurements made solely in the recumbent position may miss physiological changes that occur while patients are upright. We evaluated the effect of standing on the minute blood flow volume of the ascending uterine artery, the pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and waveforms and on the PI and RI of the myometrial spiral arteries and waveforms at 3-8 and at 9-14 min standing in 74 non-pregnant women. At 9-14 min, the uterine artery blood flow volume had decreased by an average of 34% and the RI had significantly increased in 70% of subjects. Decreased uterine artery blood flow volume was associated with increased distal resistance and with decreased vessel diameter, possibly due to stretching or kinking of the uterine arteries. Changes in the spiral artery PI paralleled changes in the uterine artery PI at 9-14 min, but were less pronounced. Spiral artery PI and RI were not related to the uterine artery blood flow volume while women were recumbent, although they were significantly related while women were standing. The effects of age, uterine mobility and uterine position on uterine artery or spiral artery blood flow were apparent only while women were standing. We conclude that standing as well as recumbent studies are necessary when uterine and myometrial blood flow are evaluated, and that uterine flow volume per minute should be measured whenever possible.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of burnout for psychiatric occupational therapy personnel.

Burnout is inherent in many health care professions. This research investigation was conducted to determine if burnout existed at significant levels and if a relationship between burnout, work environment factors and demographic characteristics existed among a group of psychiatric occupational therapy personnel. The study design was a descriptive survey format utilizing mailed questionnaires. Eighty-nine respondents completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Work Environment Scale and a demographic questionnaire. A series of regression analyses were performed. The results indicated that the following were significant predictors of burnout: work involvement, a large percentage of clients on one's caseload diagnosed with schizophrenia, work pressure, age, income level, the length of time working in psychiatric occupational therapy, caseload size and the amount of overtime performed on a weekly basis. Implications for psychiatric occupational therapy practice are discussed and recommendations for future research are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Personality characteristics of occupational therapy students and clinicians.

Various occupational groups are often viewed as having a set of distinctive personality characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine the personality traits of five subject groups: occupational therapy students in first, second, third and fourth years (N = 60) at the School of Rehabilitation Therapy at Queen's University, and practicing occupational therapy clinicians from the Kingston area (N = 22). The Personality Research Form-E (PRF-E) was used to collect the data. As a combined group, students and clinicians were not distinguishable from the general population in terms of personality. For students notable correlation scores (p. 01) between the year of study and the obtained PRF-E scores were observed on two scales: endurance (r = -0.31) and nurturance (r = -0.41). Analysis of variance indicated statistically significant differences (p .01 and p .05) between fourth year students and clinicians on certain personality variables. Fourth year students scored higher on the abasement, affiliation, change, nurturance, play and social recognition scales. Clinicians obtained higher scores for endurance and harm avoidance.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1983

Salmonella saint-paul infection in two dairy herds.

An outbreak of salmonellosis due to Salmonella saint-paul in two dairy herds was first detected during routine examination of calves soon after calving; infection reached 100% amongst calves and up to 60% amongst milking cows. Excretion by cows continued for over 12 months and by calves for up to 18 months. The most important factor in controlling the spread of infection was reduction of environmental contamination by removal of carriers, prompt antibiotic treatment of sick calves and reduction in stocking densities.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Salmonella saint-paul infection in calves.

A natural outbreak of Salmonella saint-paul infection in two Institute herds was monitored clinically, bacteriologically and immunologically. This paper describes the findings in calves. Morbidity and mortality became apparent 30 days after S. saint-paul was first isolated on routine sampling of neonatal calf faeces. All heifer calves were treated with a tetracycline or ampicillin preparation when they showed clinical signs of disease, while the effects of intradermal vaccination with heat-killed S. saint-paul were assessed in a proportion of the bull calves. Antibiotic treatment reduced mortality and the number of persistent excretors; vaccination did not affect mortality but, if given during the first week of life, reduced the duration of faecal excretion. Calves which were untreated and unvaccinated, or vaccinated when older than 16 days, excreted S. saint-paul for periods of up to 18 months. Of six 'recovered' calves, which had been negative on faecal culture for 5-8 weeks, four yielded S. saint-paul at necropsy. Agglutinating antibody titres were highest in those unvaccinated calves which were persistent excretors.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1982

Transmission of Salmonella mbandaka to cattle from contaminated feed.

Salmonella mbandaka was isolated from cattle on three dairy farms. The duration of infection was less than four weeks and none of the animals became clinically ill. The animals had all consumed a diet containing a vegetable fat supplement contaminated with S. mbandaka and this was shown to be the source of the infections. It is significant that a feed containing purely vegetable components was incriminated.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1982

Protection of cattle against experimentally induced salmonellosis by intradermal injection of heat-killed Salmonella dublin.

A single intradermal dose (7.5 mg) of heat-killed Salmonella dublin protected two out of three cattle against intravenous challenge with live S dublin. A second dose of 8 mg increased the protection rate to six out of seven. Four of the survivors had transient diarrhoea and S dublin was recovered from the carcases of four killed at four to 21 weeks after infection. Protected animals had elevated serum antibody titres and their serum passively protected rats against intraperitoneal challenge. The resistance of vaccinated cattle, presumably immunological in character, was not associated with leucocyte migration inhibition by salmonella antigen, depression of serum iron levels or haematological changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Responses of fluke-infected and fluke-free cattle to experimental reinfection with Salmonella dublin.

Cattle, aged nine to 18 months, were given sublethal doses of Salmonella dublin either intravenously, orally on two occasions, or by contact for 19 to 22 weeks with a persistent excretor. When challenged by intravenous injection of 10(9) S dublin at 10 to 22 weeks after their first exposure to S dublin 22 out of 36 animals survived. All similarly challenged cattle, which had not been previously exposed to S dublin, died. Infection with Fasciola hepatica did not alter the ability of cattle to survive reinfection with S dublin but the bacteria persisted in the tissues and were excreted in the faeces of fluke-infected animals for longer than in fluke-free animals. The ability to survive reinfection and to eliminate S dublin from the tissues was apparently unrelated to agglutinating antibody titres or delayed hypersensitivity.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1976

Antibacterial activity in colostrum and milk associated with protection of piglets against enteric disease caused by K88-positive Escherichia coli.

Piglets suckled by dams that had been vaccinated with K88 antigen were significantly more resistant to deaths caused by neonatal diarrhea after challenge with a large dose of a K88-positive enteropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli than piglets suckled by control dams. The factors most likely to be involved in protection of the piglets were investigated by comparing the antibacterial activities of serum and mammary secretions from the two groups of dams. Vaccination stimulated the production of K88 antibodies, which were associated with anti-adhesive activity directed against the adhesive properties of the K88 antigen, and of O8 antibodies; the latter antibodies were attributed to traces of O8 antigen in the vaccine. Neutralizing activity against heat-labile enterotoxin was present in several dams before vaccination but was not stimulated by bacteriostatic activities were similar in serum and mammary secretions from both groups of dams and appeared to play no significant role in the protective after parturition were atrributed to exposure of the dams to the challenge strain excreted by the piglets. It was concluded that neutralization of the adhesive properties of K88 antigen by K88 antibodies in colostrum and in milk contributed significantly to the protection of piglets from vaccinated dams. However, the contribution of antibacterial activities associated with the greater levels of O8 antibodies in colstrum from the vaccinated group cannot be entirely excluded.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1974

On listening.

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Communication↗