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Biomedical subjects

G T Golden

Publications and source records attributed to G T Golden.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

In vivo modulation of excitatory amino acid receptors: microdialysis studies on N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked striatal dopamine release and effects of antagonists.

Striatal dopamine (DA) release was measured following intrastriatal (i.s.) administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) to unanesthetized, freely-moving rats. One hour after insertion of a removable microdialysis probe and perfusion with normal Ringer's solution, a modified Ringer's solution containing 100 mM potassium (high-K+ Ringer's) was used to standardize the preparation. DA release following i.s. administration of NMDA (12.5 mM in normal Ringer's) was dose-dependent. When NMDA (12.5 mM) was administered in high-K+ Ringer's, DA release was greatly potentiated. Administration of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist aminophosphonovalerate (APV) in normal Ringer's prior to treatment with NMDA in high-K+ Ringer's resulted in a significant reduction of DA release compared to control animals. In contrast, administration of APV priot to treatment with NMDA in normal Ringer's resulted in a significantly increased release of DA compared to controls. Administration of the non-competitive NMDA antagonist, dextromethorphan (DXT) prior to treatment with NMDA in normal Ringer's or NMDA in high-K+ Ringer's caused significant reductions of DA release compared to controls. Intrastriatal DXT also caused dose-dependent inhibition of high-K+ Ringer's-induced DA release. Similarly, administration of the non-specific calcium channel blocker, cadmium, prior to treatment with NMDA resulted in a significant decrease when compared to control values. Results of this study indicate that dose-dependent NMDA-induced striatal DA release is greatly potentiated by potassium suggesting that under physiological conditions in vivo, striatal NMDA receptors are mostly inactivated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMed1991

Strain differences in convulsive response to the excitotoxin kainic acid.

We describe a strain of rats (Wistar-Furth) that is highly susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of kainic acid (KA) and presents a reliable and quantifiable (with low within-group variability) animal model of status epilepticus. Wistar-Furth rats are more sensitive and demonstrate a less variable convulsant response than Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats when tested for total time in seizure activity, latency to onset of first seizure, latency to status epilepticus, seizure severity scores, and percentage exhibiting behavioral seizures and status epilepticus. Results suggest that significant heterogeneity exists in the rodent population with regard to neuronal sensitivity to an excitotoxic amino acid and indicate that strain differences are an important consideration in studies using KA.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cortical projections of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus in the rabbit.

The cortical projection of the thalamic mediodorsal nuclear complex (MD) in the rabbit was mapped retrograde horseradish peroxidase and anterograde tritiated proline techniques. The projection field occupied the entire medial wall rostral to a mid corpus callosal level, wrapped around the frontal pole onto the lateral convexity and tailed off caudally on the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus. The projection of the lateral approximately one-half of MD, the half which does not receive olfactory input, was confined to medial cortex supply all but the most rostral region. This projection field of lateral MD was precisely organized in two dimensions with the most lateral part projecting most caudally and the most dorsal part projecting most ventrally. A representation for the third, anterior-posterior (A-P), dimension was not evident since any cortical point within the field was supplied by a cylinder of cells extending the entire A-P extent of lateral MD. The medial half of MD, which does receive olfactory input, projected to the remaining rostral medical cortex, the lateral convexity and rhinal sulcal region. The inverse dorsoventral relationship was partially preserved and on overlapping A-P gradient was present with sulcal projections originating more caudally in medial MD and the rostral medial projection originating more rostrally.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The distribution of olfactory input in the opossum mediodorsal nucleus.

Discharges of single cells in the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (MD) of the opossum were recorded during electrical stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract. Responsive sites were histologically localized throughout the entire mediolateral extent of MD. In both rabbit and squirrel monkey responses are confined to the medial half of MD. Thus the lateral non-olfactory nuclear subdivision, common to both rabbit and squirrel monkey, was not found in the opossum. Firing patterns of cells were similar to those observed in rabbit and squirrel monkey. They commonly consisted of an early spike or burst of spikes, followed by a period of inactivity and then, in many cells, by a later period of response or of resumed spontaneous activity. The results indicate that olfactory input is characteristic of MD in a diverse sample of mammals but that topographic organization of the input is distinctly different in the opossum.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Nonoperative management of fingertip pulp amputation by occlusive dressings.

Nonoperative management of fingertip pulp amputations has been employed in eighteen adults. After wound cleansing and debridement, the wound was covered by an occlusive dressing. Healing of the amputated fingertip occurred within four weeks. The healed fingertip had an excellent sensory perception, normal range of motion and an acceptable cosmetic appearance. This satisfactory outcome was realized with less than ten days lost from work.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1977

An adjunct to mammoplasty: the pectoral muscle flap.

The pectoralis major muscle has overcome many of the complications of augmentation mammoplasty after subcutaneous mastectomy. It places the implant deep to prevent skin slough and irregularities in skin surface contour. The flap eliminates abnormal implant posture when the pectoralis major is contracted. The short (5 to 7 days) staging of the procedure allows sealing of the pocket from external innoculation of bacteria while preventing unretrievable skin and nipple shrinkage.

Breast↗
PubMed1977

Misleading pneumoperitoneum.

Misleading pneumoperitoneum takes one of two forms: true pneymoperitoneum without peritonitis or pneumoperitoneum simulated by adventitious x-ray shadows. In both instances, the roentgenographic appearance of free intraperitoneal air proves to be a specious indication for laparotomy. Twenty-eight per cent of 29 patients with misleading pneumoperitoneum were subjected to operations that, retrospectively, might not seem absolutely necessary. The decisions to operate on patients with pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis were based on the amount of pneumoperitoneum roentgenographically visualized. The instances of pseudopneumoperitoneum had several common features. The diagnosis often was based only on x-ray films of the chest. Compatibility with clinical features was marginal; the radiolucency was often not truly at the apex of the diaphragm. Finally, the x-ray films, interpretation and working conditions frequently were suboptimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Bronchial adenoma in childhood. Two case reports and review of literature.

A review of the literature discloses 56 cases of bronchial adenoma in children under the age of 16 years; we now report two additional cases. The diagnosis of bronchial adenoma in children is often delayed due to erroneous interpretation of the secondary manifestations of pneumonitis, fever, or wheezing. These tumors should be considered potentially malignant, since local invasion and metastasis have been reported in this age group. Treatment is by thoracotomy with total excision of the lesion.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1976

Abdominal pain. An analysis of 1,000 consecutive cases in a University Hospital emergency room.

In the majority of patients in this series of 1,000, acute abdominal pain was due to conditions that required neither surgical intervention nor hospitalization. Eleven of the 1,000 patients had an early missed diagnosis in the emergency clinic for which a subsequent operation was needed, and twenty underwent an operation which subsequent diagnosis showed was not required. All false-negative evaluations occurred in patients with early appendicitis or small bowel obstruction. Most false-positive results were due to acute infections of the female genitourinary tract in patients operated on to exclude appendicitis or a tubo-ovarian abscess. The following factors help identify the high risk patient with an acute surgical abdomen: (1) pain for less than 48 hours; (2) pain followed by vomiting; (3) guarding and rebound tenderness on physical examination; (4) advanced age; (5) a prior surgical procedure. The presence of these features demands careful evaluation and a liberal policy of admission and observation. White blood cell counts, body temperature, and abnormal abdominal roentgenograms may add confirmatory evidence but are not particularly helpful as screening devices.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Surgical management of epidermoid carcinoma of the anus.

An analysis of twenty-six cases of epidermoid carcinoma of the anus from the University of Virginia Medical Center and 1,060 cases from the surgical literature has been presented. We believe this review justifies the following conclusions. (1) Considerable delay in diagnosis frequently occurs, adversely affecting the prognosis of patients with this disease. (2) Abdominoperineal resection remains the treatment of choice. Wide local excision is inadequate for most lesions, and should be reserved for lesions of the anal verge less than 2 cm in diameter with favorable histology, that is, low grade of malignancy. (3) Large lesions and those with a high grade of malignancy are associated with a poor prognosis, but even these patients may sometimes be cured with aggressive surgical excision. (4) Synchronous inguinal node metastases are associated with a poor prognosis, but an occasional patient may be cured by iliofemoral node dissection. (5) Iliofemoral node dissection is indicated for metachronous inguinal node metastases in the absence of distant spread. (6) Iliofemoral node dissection should not be performed if these nodes are not clinically involved with metastases. Approximately 70 per cent of these patients will not need this procedure and would therefore have this resection and its attendant morbidity unnecessarily.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Emergency tracheostomy.

On rare occasions, emergency tracheostomy is indicated to establish an airway. Using a large bore needle as a guide, tracheal intubation is assured with minimal damage to vital structures in the neck.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1976

The use of drains in subcutaneous surgical procedures.

Continuous suction, negative pressure drains serve as an excellent "atmospheric bandage" in subcutaneous surgical procedures while helping to expedite wound healing and impede complications secondary to tissue plane dissection.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1976

Contiguous cervical and deltopectoral flaps for skin lining and replacement with en bloc resection of cancer of the head and neck.

Contiguous cervical and deltopectoral flaps have several advantages in reconstruction of the head and neck after extirpation of cancer. The cervical skin provides an excellent color match for facial skin, and nonhair-bearing skin is available if lining of the oral cavity is required. The deltopectoral flap provides superior coverage for the carotid artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Preweanling rats: recovery from lateral hypothalamic damage.

Preweanling male and female albino rats sustained lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) destruction at 10 days of age. Pups with bilateral LHA destruction (Bi-LHA) displayed the lateral hypothalamic recovery syndrome (LHRS) and recovered voluntary feeding and drinking between 44-75 days of age. The Bi-LHA rats of both sexes showed permanent deficits (through 200-275 days of age) in responding to hydrational challenges and did not feed in response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose treatment. Male Bi-LHA rats' body weights were permanently depressed by 20%-25%, whereas female body weight depression was only temporary. Rats sustaining LHA destruction on one side of the brain (Uni-LHA) displayed an abbreviated LHRS, recovering voluntary feeding and drinking by 25-32 days of age. The Uni-LHA rats showed some permanent deficits in responding to hydrational challenges, yet they displayed the same sex differential for body weight regulation as the Bi-LHA rats. The results of this investigation demonstrate nearly identical effects of LHA destruction whether sustained preweaning, postweaning, or during adulthood.

Age Factors↗