Horizontal laxity of the lower lid.
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Eyelids↗
Biomedical subjects
G T Raflo
Publications and source records attributed to G T Raflo.
Digital subtraction macrodacryocystography. A new method of lacrimal system imaging.
A series of patients with obstructive epiphora was evaluated by a new method of dacryocystography. The technique involved intubation and injection of radiopaque contrast material into each lacrimal system under the control of direct sequential digitally subtracted (realtime) imaging. Simultaneous rapid sequence digital subtraction macrodacryocystography yields instantaneous high resolution magnified bone-free radiographs of the lacrimal drainage system.
Adult↗
Blow-in and blow-out fractures of the orbit: clinical correlations and proposed mechanisms.
Various theories have been proposed regarding the exact etiology of blow-out fractures of the orbital floor and blow-in fractures of the orbital roof. These include the role of increased intraorbital pressure causing a downward fracture of the orbital floor, and the role of a buckling force transmitted by the orbital rim to the thinner orbital walls. This paper presents two case histories that illustrate the roles of these mechanisms in the production of such fractures. One is a classic blow-out fracture while the other is a unique case of orbital roof blow-in fracture which may shed additional light on the role of buckling forces in the creation of these fractures. A review of experimental and clinical data supporting these mechanisms is presented and suggests that more than one factor may be involved in the production of such orbital fractures.
Adolescent↗
Assessment of the efficacy of chemiluminescent evaluation of the human lacrimal drainage system.
A chemiluminescent material, Cyalume, was used to demonstrate the anatomy and patency of the human lacrimal drainage system. Cadaver models were used to simulate blockages at various levels of the lacrimal drainage system and the Cyalume technique compared favorably with the corresponding dacryocystograms. Cyalume also shows promise for use in locating the lacrimal sac at surgery, the proximal end of a lacerated canaliculus, and the free ends of canalicular intubation tubes high in the nose. The authors feel that Cyalume shows promise as both a convenient method of clinical investigation of the lacrimal system and an aid in lacrimal surgery.
Cadaver↗
Thermographic evaluation of the human lacrimal drainage system.
A new method for evaluating the anatomy and patency of the human lacrimal drainage system is presented. Thermography was used in conjunction with routine lacrimal irrigation to visualize the tear ducts in normal subjects and in a patient with obstructive epiphora. The canaliculi, common canal, and lacrimal sac could be identified, and certain abnormalities detected with this technique. Additional information can be obtained regarding the presence of subclinical inflammation. The authors feel that thermography offers promise as a safe, simple technique for evaluating the lacrimal anatomy in patients with epiphora.
Dacryocystitis↗
An unusual intranasal anomaly of the lacrimal drainage system.
A newborn infant presented with a mass in the medial canthal area. Radiologic evaluation demonstrated this to be an abnormality in the nasolacrimal system. Examination of the nose showed a large cystic structure totally occluding the right naris. Surgical excision of the entire cyst was required to alleviate the patient's recurrent mucoceles of the lacrimal sac and epiphora. The need for nasal examination and more thorough evaluation in cases of recurrent obstruction is emphasized in evaluating patients with congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal drainage system.
Cysts↗
Complete ophthalmoplegia secondary to amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma.
Total ophthalmoplegia associated with biopsy-proven amyloid infiltration of the extraocular muscles developed in a 60-year-old man with multiple myeloma. Amyloid was also found in biopsy specimens of the conjunctiva and eyelid papules. The patient also had eyelid purpura, keratitis sicca, and pupillary abnormalities. Treating the multiple myeloma had no effect on the ophthalmoplegia. Physicians should be aware that ophthalmoplegia associated with amyloidosis may indicate an underlying myeloma rather than primary systemic amyloidosis.
Amyloidosis↗
Lipid granuloma of the frontal bone presenting as a space-occupying lesion of the orbit.
Lipid granuloma of the frontal bone is a very rare lesion of unknown cause. When an orbital cyst develops it presents as an orbital mass that is virtually indistinguishable clinically from a lacrimal gland tumour. Complete extirpation of the involved bone is advised.
Adult↗
Chemiluminescent evaluation of the human lacrimal outflow system.
A chemiluminescent material, Cyalume, has been used to demonstrate the structure and outflow patency of the human lacrimal drainage system. In this paper the details of this method are outlined and some of the possible benefits and limitations are discussed. Work is in progress to improve the techniques and to evaluate the toxicity of the chemiluminescent material in animals. It is hoped that these studies will lead to the development of a simple and rapid office procedure for assessing the structure and patency of the lacrimal tracts and simultaneously evaluating any obstruction.
Cadaver↗
Inadequacy of steroids in the treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock.
Massive doses of methylprednisolone were given to dogs prior to severe, lethal, hemorrhagic shock. An untreated group of dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock served as controls. No persistent significant differences were seen in cardiac output, mean arterial blood pressure, superior mesenteric artery flow, and survival. Calculated total peripheral resistance tended to be lower in the treated dogs and was significantly lower after reinfusion of shed blood. Pretreatment with methylprednisolone did not prevent plasma elevations of the lysosomal enzymes, cathepsin D and beta-glucuronidase. Stabilization of hepatic lysosomes in treated dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock was not evident. The results failed to indicate significant salutary effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in this lethal hemorrhagic shock model.
Animals↗
Mechanism of the protective effects of prostaglandins E1 and F2 alpha in canine endotoxin shock.
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Animals↗