Endoanal ultrasound.
This pictorial review demonstrates the normal anatomy and abnormalities that are readily demonstrated with endoanal ultrasound of the anal sphincters.
Anal Canal↗
Biomedical subjects
G T Rottenberg
Publications and source records attributed to G T Rottenberg.
Case report: fulminant Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia in a patient with AIDS.
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with nephrotic syndrome (Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia).
We report a 3-year-old girl with the association of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, nephrotic syndrome, and signs of defective cellular immunity. The findings are similar to those reported by Spranger et al., which have become known as Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia.
Child, Preschool↗
The natural history of the multicystic dysplastic kidney in children.
The objective of this study was to examine the natural history of the multicystic dysplastic kidney and the use of sonography for follow-up studies. A retrospective study was performed on 66 children with a radiological diagnosis of multicystic kidney. The change in size demonstrated on sonograms was examined. Adequate follow-up was available on 55 children over a period of 32 months (range 2-69 months). 40/55 of the kidneys underwent a reduction in size, including 22 which were no longer detectable by ultrasound. 10/55 kidneys showed an increase in size and 5/55 showed no change. Reduction in size occurred at a mean age of 84 weeks (range 20-120 weeks). In conclusion, most multicystic kidneys undergo partial or complete involution over the first 2 years of life. The mean size of the multicystic kidney at diagnosis is a poor predictor of eventual outcome.
Follow-Up Studies↗
Portable chest radiology in intensive care: a comparison of a new dual characteristic film-screen system (Insight) incorporating a flexible grid with a standard film-screen system.
Insight (Insight, Kodak, UK) is a new dual image receptor system which utilizes an asymmetric film screen combination. Conventional radiography was compared with the Insight system, in combination with a cassette incorporating a flexible grid, in fifty patients on the intensive care unit. Radiographs were analysed by intensive care junior medical staff, nursing staff and two groups of radiologists. Insight provided better visualization of lung parenchyma, mediastinal detail and position of endotracheal tubes than conventional radiography. Central venous catheters were generally seen better on conventional radiographs than on Insight. Insight system produces a significant improvement in plain chest radiography in the intensive care unit. In the absence of digital radiography it is a suitable technique for routine radiography in the intensive care unit.
Aged↗
Sonographic standards for a single functioning kidney in children.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the sonographic measurements of the functioning kidney of children who were born with a single functioning kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 56 children (0-6 years old) with one multicystic dysplastic kidney and one functioning kidney, the length of the functioning kidney was correlated with the child's age, weight, and body surface area. RESULTS: The mean length of the kidney was 51.0 mm in children 2 weeks old, 56.8 mm at 9 weeks, 62.8 mm at 23 weeks, 69.6 mm at 46 weeks, 71.7 mm at 63 weeks, 78.0 mm at 112 weeks, 79.6 mm at 172 weeks, 86.7 mm at 225 weeks, and 91.0 mm at 279 weeks. When these results were compared with existing sonographic standards for bilateral functioning kidneys, the single functioning kidneys were longer by a statistically significant amount. CONCLUSION: Compensatory hypertrophy of single functioning kidneys occurs in utero. In children of the ages we investigated, the size of single functioning kidneys exceeded established standards for the size of bilateral functioning kidneys.
Age Factors↗
Detection of symptomless postoperative deep vein thrombosis.
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Humans↗
Case report: granulocytic sarcoma of the small bowel--a rare presentation of leukaemia.
Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a local tumour mass that is associated with acute leukaemia. It may present simultaneously with leukaemia or may rarely predate it. The following case demonstrates the radiological features of GS and the importance of its recognition in the treatment.
Duodenal Neoplasms↗
Cyst formation of the craniopharyngeal duct.
The craniopharyngeal duct is the route by which the adenohypophysis ascends from the pharynx to the pituitary fossa. Rathke's cleft cyst represents an expansion of primitive vesicles that lie between the pars intermedia and the pars anterior. These cysts are rare but have been detected more frequently with the more widespread use of CT and MRI. Three cases are described which illustrate the variety of positions that a cystic lesion of the craniopharyngeal duct can occupy. These cases provide a basis for the discussion of the embryological formation of the pituitary, cyst formation of the duct, and CT and MRI appearances of the cysts.
Adult↗
Large bowel examination in the frail elderly patient.
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Aged↗
Radiology of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a considerable health problem throughout the world, and has increased in incidence over the past 10 years. This article reviews the typical radiographical findings in post-primary TB and reactivation, and describes the less common manifestations of the disease in nonimmuno-compromised and immuno-compromised individuals. Indications for plain radiography, computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography are also discussed.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗