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Biomedical subjects

G T Woods

Publications and source records attributed to G T Woods.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Electron correlation effects in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering of NaV2O5.

Element- and site-specific resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy (RIXS) is employed to investigate electron correlation effects in NaV2O5. In contrast to single photon techniques, RIXS at the vanadium L3 edge is able to probe d-d* transitions between V d-bands. A sharp energy loss feature is observed at -1.56 eV, which is well reproduced by a model calculation including correlation effects. The calculation identifies the loss feature as excitation between the lower and upper Hubbard bands and permits an accurate determination of the Hubbard interaction term U = 3.0 +/- 0.2 eV.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Response of calves to exposure with swine influenza virus.

In calves inoculated with live swine influenza virus (SIV) A/sw/IL/75 (H1N1) intranasally, SIV was isolated for 7 days, and respiratory tract disease was observed. Antibody was detected in serum of inoculated calves from postinoculation day 9, and virus-neutralization antibody was demonstrated on postinoculation days 14 and 21. The primary response was low, but readily differentiated from the secondary response after calves were challenge exposed with homologous SIV. Pneumonic lesions were observed at necropsy, and histopathologic changes in airways and lungs were consistently found. Fluorescent staining revealed viral activity in epithelial cells of airways. The virus was transferred to healthy calves housed with inoculated calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiological study of swine influenza virus as a component of the respiratory disease complex of feeder calves.

A survey of 177 paired calf sera collected during the years 1978-1981 showed that 3.4% of the calves had prior experience with swine influenza virus. Six calves positive by the single radial hemolysis test (SRH) were also positive by the virus neutralization test (VN) in chicken embryos, and one calf reacted with all three tests (hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), SRH, and VN). The SRH and HI tests available cannot adequately provide the information necessary in a survey of this sort. The HI test is subject to too many variations to enable the data to be used with any degree of confidence. The SRH test lacks accepted standarization for performing the test with cattle sera. Therefore, the VN test is necessary for confirmatory results.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A serologic epidemiological study of parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3 viruses in beef cattle and calves in Illinois.

Beef cattle and calves in four Illinois populations were studied. Serum was tested by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for antibodies to parainfluenza viruses (PIV) 1, 2, and 3. In all but group 3 a low level of antibody to PIV-1 and 2 was demonstrated. The highest prevalence and incidence of HI-antibodies was found for PIV-3, followed by PIV-1. There may have been a cross-reaction between PIV-1 and -3 in Group 1 calves. The low level of HI antibodies to PIV-1 and 2 may have resulted from infections early in life or colostral antibodies that decreased with age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Influenza virus in ruminants: a review.

The host range and pathology of influenza viruses in ruminants is not yet known. However, based on published results of serological and viral studies the following epidemiological features are documented. Positive serology using the complement-fixation technique has been reported for A2/Japan/305/57, Sw/15, Sw/Shope/58, A/Equi/Prague/57, and B/Johannesburg/59 in the United States and against A and B viruses in Italy. Using the hemagglutination inhibition test, positive findings have been reported for A/PR/8/34, A/equi/Prague, A/Equi2/Lexington, Sw/15, Sw/Shope/58, and B/Johannesburg/59 in the USA against A/PR/8/34, A/FM/1/47, B/Bonn, and B/Roma/1/59 in Italy, and against several strains of A2/H3N2 virus in Rumania, USSR, Nepal, India, and Hungary, even though the single radial hemolysis test is recommended for ruminants. The following influenza viruses have been isolated from cattle: Sw/Shope (H1N1) in Hungary, several strains of H3N2 in the USSR, and two viruses with an unidentified hemagglutinin and a type 2 neuraminidase in Hungary and the USSR. The Russian strain A/calf/Duschambe/55/71 (H3N2) has been recognized as a cattle strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparative study of vaccines in preventing respiratory disease in beef calves after weaning.

Vaccines against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), and bacterin against Pasteurella hemolytica and P. multocida were studied to determine their effectiveness when given 30 days before weaning in preventing respiratory disease in beef calves after weaning. A total of 310 calves, 6 to 8 months old, were divided into 3 groups. Group I consisted of 51 calves vaccinated with a temperature sensitive mutant vaccine intranasally (IBR-PI-3 TSV2). The 56 calves in Group 2 received another intranasal vaccine containing a modified live virus (IBR-PI-3 IP). Calves in both groups received a modified live bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) virus vaccine 30 days before weaning, and a bacteria containing Clostridium chauvei-septicum, Pasteurella hemolytica, and P. multocida. The bacterin was given twice, 2 weeks apart before weaning. The remaining 207 calves were used as unvaccinated controls. All calves were treated at lest once after weaning for clinical respiratory illness. The only virus isolated was PI-3. The serologic response to the viral vaccines was good. There was some doubt as to the effectiveness of the PI-3 component because vaccinated calves were affected by this virus after weaning. Further studies are needed on PI-3 virus vaccine and the most effective vaccination schedule. Vaccination at the time of weaning may have been helpful in the present experiment in preventing clinical disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Swine influenza virus in swine and man in Illinois.

Serum samples from 2,091 persons from Illinois populations of swine abattoir employees, 4-H Club youths and their advisors, veterinary medical students, pork producers, and veterinarians were tested for hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies to A/Swine/Ill./63. A total of 231 positive reactions of 1:20 or above were found (11%). The highest prevalence of antibody was found in veterinarians, followed by pork producers and future swine abattoir employees. Age-adjusted reactor rates were highest in pork producers. Of 305 abattoir employees from whom two serum samples were examined 26(8.5%) had positive seroconversions. The abattoir population studied consisted largely of males under 40 years of age. A low prevalence of antibody was found in veterinary medical students and none was found in 4-H Club youths having swine contact. It is postulated that in Illinois there is occupational exposure of veterinarians, pork producers, and swine abattoir employees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Augmentation of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies in gilts of breeding age by large dosages of human A/New Jersey/76 influenza vaccine.

Fifteen gilts of breeding age were studied. Four received three 4 ml. doses three weeks apart of an experimental killed swine influenza vaccine containing A/Swine/ill/65 antigen, four received three ml. doses three weeks apart of a human influenza vaccine containing A/New Jersey/76 antigen and three received two doses of human influenza vaccine followed by a 3 ml. third dose of experimental swine influenza vaccine. All except one vaccinate responded to two doses of vaccine by the time of the third dose of vaccine. HI titers were highest four weeks after the third dose of vaccine. Geometric mean titers were highest in animals receiving human influenza vaccine containing A/New Jersey/76. Titer profiles dropped markedly by 60 days after the third vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Serologic response of gilts of breeding age to human influenza vaccines containing A/New Jersey/76 (HSW1N1) antigen.

Twenty-four cross-bred gilts of breeding age were used in two studies to access the antigenic response to commercially produced human influenza vaccintes containing A/New Jersey/76 viral antigens. In experiments 1 only one of seven animals responded with an HI antibody titer of 1:40 or above. In the second experiment five of six gilts responded to higher dosages of vaccine with HI antibody titers of 1:40 or above. The positive titers persisted at least eighty-one days in two vaccinates in experiment 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Antigenicity of inactivated swine influenza virus concentrated by centrifugation.

Swine influenza virus grown in fertile chicken eggs was inactivated with a 1:4000 dilution of formalin for three days. Centrifugation at 47,000 g for 1-3 hours concentrated the viral particles. Reconstitution to 1/10 the original volume for use as a vaccine resulted in a product having an HA titer of 1:64 to 1:512. Two doses of 4 ml given three weeks apart resulted in a serologic response in three of six gilts of breeding age. Experimental challenge of two vaccinated and two control gilts to swine influenze virus showed that vaccinated gilts did not react by production of a marked HI antibody response when compared to unvaccinated gilts.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Experimental challenge of pregnant gilts with swine influenza virus after vaccination.

Inactivated swine influenza virus was concentrated by filtration. Two 5 ml doses given subcutaneously two to three weeks apart to SPF gilts of breeding age of bred gilts was antigenic as measured by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Higher HI titers of longer duration were produced in unvaccinated gilts after experimental challenge. Vaccinated gilts reverted to negative (less than 1:20) HI tests after challenge. Pigs from vaccinated gilts were heavier when weaned at five weeks of age than pigs from unvaccinated gilts. No swine influenza virus was isolated after challenge from placentas or pigs born dead or that died after farrowing.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Concentration of inactivated swine influenza virus by molecular filtration for use as a vaccine in gilts before and after breeding.

Inactivated swine influenza virus was concentrated by molecular filtration for use as a vaccine in gilts before and after breeding. The best serologic response followed the use of two 5 ml doses three weeks apart before breeding. Vaccination with two 5 ml doses two weeks apart after breeding did not result in as marked serologic response. All vaccinated gilts produced detectable hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The prevalence of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies to influenza viruses A/swine/ILL/63 and A/swine/Taiwan/7310/70 (H3N2) in Illinois swine herds--1971 to 1973.

Serum samples from 449 swine in 78 herds distributed in 28 counties in Illinois were tested for HI antibodies against A/Swine/Ill/63 and A/Swine/Taiwan/7310/70 (H3N2) from 1971 to 1973. No antibodies to the Taiwan strain were detected. A herd reactor rate of 42.3% and a prevalence rate of 25.4% against A/Swine/Ill/63 was detected. Age specific reactor rates were 6% for animals 12 months of age or under and 33% for swine 13 to 18 months of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

A comparison of immunologic response to intranasal and intramuscular parainfluenza-3 live virus vaccines in beef calves challenged experimentally in the feedlot.

Feeder calves were vaccinated with modified live virus (MLV) bovine parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) vaccines by the nasal and parenteral routes. Thirty days later they were challenged with the SF-4 strain of virus. Serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in nasal secretions were compared with unvaccinated control calves. Both vaccines produced satisfactory circulating antibodies, but intranasal vaccination produced higher levels of antibodies in nasal secretions. After challenge PI-3 virus was not isolated from the vaccinated calves or two contact control unvaccinated calves but was isolated from all unvaccinated control calves isolated from vaccinated calves.

Administration, Intranasal↗