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Biomedical subjects

G Tolis

Publications and source records attributed to G Tolis.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Tumor growth inhibition in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists.

Ten patients with prostatic carcinoma--six with stage C and four with stage D disease--were treated for 6 weeks to 12 months with agonistic analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). [D-Trp6]LH-RH was given subcutaneously once daily at a dose of 100 microgram and [D-Ser(But)6]des-GlyNH2(10)-LH-RH ethylamide (HOE 766) was given subcutaneously (50 microgram once daily) or intranasally (500 microgram twice daily). In all patients, mean plasma testosterone levels showed a 75% suppression by the third week of treatment and remained low thereafter. This was followed by a decrease or normalization of plasma acid phosphatase levels by the second month of treatment and a 47% decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase by the 10th week of treatment in all but one patient. In patients with stage C disease presenting with prostatism or urinary outflow obstruction, there was a noticeable clinical improvement. In two such patients, a decrease in the size of the prostate was confirmed by ultrasonography. In patients with stage D disease manifested by diffuse bone metastases, there was relief of bone pain, and in one patient treated for greater than 12 months the improvement was documented by radioisotope bone imaging. It is concluded that superactive agonistic LH-RH analogues hold promise as therapeutic agents in patients with androgen-sensitive prostatic adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, the analogous of LH-RH may be used to assess the responsiveness of patients to surgical castration. Long-term administration of LH-RH analogues could become an alternative to surgical castration and estrogen therapy for the treatment of hormone-dependent prostatic carcinoma.

Buserelin↗
PubMed1982

LH-RH-endocrine manipulation in cancer of the prostate.

The treatment of advanced stage D, cancer of the prostate is palliative, and based mainly on endocrine manipulations: orchiectomy or estrogen administration. Both attempt to achieve objective and subjective patient response by reducing either the amount or the action of circulating testosterone levels. This review discusses the history and rationale of these endocrine treatments. Two long term clinical studies completed during the 1950's and 1960's have shown the beneficial effects of estrogen use on patient survival. Despite several design errors, these studies indicated favorable results obtained by the combined use of orchiectomy and estrogens in producing long-term remissions. Recently, advances made in the use of hormone-receptor analysis have been applied to the selection of patients who may benefit from various forms of endocrine treatment. The application of these techniques stems from the encouraging results obtained with the use of receptor analysis in the management of advanced carcinomas of the breast, also a hormone-responsive tumor. Preliminary reports are encouraging as patient selection may be accomplished more rationally, while sparing potential non-responders the side-effects of long-term estrogen administration. The role of the recently available luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma is also discussed.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone↗
PubMed1982

Pseudocyesis: pituitary function before and after resolution of symptoms.

Pseudocyesis was clinically established in a 39-year-old woman. Pituitary function was assessed with the use of hypothalamic peptides and dopamine receptor agonists. Basal serum concentrations of anterior pituitary and ovarian hormones were normal. An exaggerated rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin levels was seen following the administration of luteinizing hormone-release hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), respectively. A paradoxic rise in growth hormone (GH) levels followed TRH administration, whereas the response to dopamine receptor agonists was normal. Pituitary hormone secretion after deflation remained similar to that before deflation, although a normal response of GH to apomorphine was reestablished. These data indicate that the amenorrhea of pseudocyesis is associated with normoprolactinemia and a readily releasable pituitary LH pool, which suggests a suprahypophyseal etiology of the amenorrhea. The abnormalities in GH secretion may also support this contention.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Failure to interrupt established pregnancy in humans by D-tryptophan-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

Four women 5 to 8 weeks into pregnancy, scheduled for therapeutic abortions, were given an analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, D-tryptophan-6-LHRH, in an effort to interrupt pregnancy. The treatment consisted of 100-micrograms injections, given twice daily for 5 to 10 days. No decline in serum beta-hCG or progesterone was noted, and menstrual extraction was needed in all women for pregnancy interruption. These data indicate that D-Trp-6-LHRH is not effective as an abortifacient in established pregnancy.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1981

Effect of clonidine on growth hormone and glucagon secretion.

The effect of clonidine (0.15 mg i.v.) on circulating GH, glucagon and glucose concentrations was measured in six normal subjects. GH and glucose increased but glucagon secretion remained unchanged. These data indicate that in man clonidine-induced GH secretion is not mediated by a stimulatory effect of clonidine on glucagon secretion and that alpha-adrenergic mechanisms have little role in the regulation of basal glucagon secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Suppression of androgen production by D-tryptophan-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in man.

Four male transsexual subjects were given a superactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue, D-tryptophan-6-LHRH at daily doses of 100 micrograms for 3--6 mo. A decrease in beard growth, acne, and erectile potency was noted; the latter was documented objectively with the recordings of nocturnal penile tumescence episodes. Plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels fell to castrate values; basal prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels showed a small decline, whereas the acutely releasable luteinizing hormone was significantly suppressed. A rise of plasma testosterone from castrate to normal levels was demonstrable with the use of human chorionic gonadotropin. Discontinuation of treatment led to a normalization of erectile potency and plasma testosterone. The suppression of Leydig cell function by D-tryptophan-6-LHRH might have wide application in reproductive biology and in endocrine-dependent neoplasia (where it could replace surgical castration).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

"Torsades de pointes" invariant angina: successful treatment with verapamil.

A patient had continuous paroxysms of the specific ventricular arrhythmia of the "Torsades de Pointes" type during attacks of variant angina. The arrhythmia was refractory to lidocaine and procainamide and only responded dramatically to verapamil, initially intravenous and afterwards oral. The low success rate in the treatment of such arrhythmias by other drugs and available experimental data suggest that verapamil should be further evaluated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Pituitary apoplexy. The importance of skull roentgenograms and computerized tomography in diagnosis.

In two patients with pituitary apoplexy, computerized tomograms demonstrated a suprasellar mass that, after infusion with contrast medium, showed a peripheral ring-like enhancement consistent with a pituitary adenoma with central necrosis. In patients with symptoms or signs suggesting subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis, the finding of an enlarged sella turcica on plain skull roentgenograms should raise the possibility of pituitary apoplexy. This diagnosis may be rapidly and safely confirmed by computerized tomography.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Friedreich's ataxia and oral glucose tolerance: I. The effect of ingested glucose on serum glucose and insulin values in homozygotes, obligate heterozygotes and potential carriers of the Friedreich's ataxia gene.

Glucose tolerance and insulin release were evaluated in 16 families with Friedrich's ataxia. Impaired glucose tolerance differed in incidence according to the method of evaluation, but was increased in number in parents and siblings of Friedreich's cases. Insulin output was not quantitatively different from normal, although the insulin peak was often delayed. This finding, in association with impaired glucose tolerance, suggest a defect in glucose entry into cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Friedreich's ataxia and oral glucose tolerance: II. The effect of ingested glucose on serum growth hormone in homozygotes, obligate heterozygotes and potential carriers of the Friedreich's ataxia gene.

Homozygotes, obligatory heterozygotes and potential carriers of the Friedreich's Ataxia gene were tested with an oral glucose tolerance in order to assess a. the prevalence of abnormalities in glucose handling, b. the secretory pattern of two "diabetogenic" hormones, growth hormones and prolactin and c. to evaluate the possibility for detection of an abnormal trend in these hormones to be used as a genetic marker. Despite the high prevalence of glucose abnormalities horizontally and vertically in these families, the basal output and responses of these metabolic hormones to a glucose challenge were appropriate and thus not characteristic of any of the above groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Prolactin: Physiology and pathology.

In part, prolactin controls its own rate of secretion through negative feedback mechanisms, but complex interactions of prolactin inhibiting and releasing factors also are involved. Hyperprolactinemia is the most common result of neuroendocrine management are described for various hyperprolactinemic states.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

[Echocardiography of the communication between the left ventricle and the right atrium. A surgical case].

The echocardiographical appearances in left ventricular--right atrial communication are described in a patient who later underwent surgery. Cross-sectional echocardiography was most valuable. It provided an immediate diagnosis and also localised the site of the malformation which had been suggested indirectly by the appearances on M-mode scanning. The success of reparatory surgery was confirmed by the same method.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Divorce and remarriage in a 65-year-old male following transphenoidal surgery and bromocriptine of hyperprolactinemic impotence: a dilemma.

Hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadotropinism, and subnormal plasma testosterone were found in a 65-year-old patient who had an enlarged sella turcica, complained of fatigue, and addmitted to decreased sexual interest and potency. Selective nontotal tumorectomy followed by bromocriptine therapy resulted in normoprolactinemia, increased plasma testosterone, and "rejuvenation difficult to follow" according to his wife. This patient described his sexual status as comparable to that of age 24 when he fathered his only child. Both wife and husband attributed the changes to bromocriptine and requested discontinuation (wife) and continuation (husband) of the treatment; because of the clinical indications, treatment was continued. Legally, a medical certification of a normal state of health was required before divorce--and subsequent marriage to a young woman--were permitted.

Bromocriptine↗