Biomedical subjects

G Tornielli

Publications and source records attributed to G Tornielli.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Mini-TEPCs for radiation therapy.

A mini-tissue-equivalent proportional-counter (TEPC) has been constructed to study the possibility to manufacture mini-counters without field-shaping tubes for radiation therapy. The mini-TEPC can be assembled with and without field-shaping tubes. It can be equipped with a mini-alpha source for a precise lineal energy calibration. After the positive conclusions of this study, a slim TEPC has been designed and constructed. The slim TEPC has an external diameter of only 2.7 mm. It has been tested with therapeutic proton beams and gamma ray sources.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed2004

Microdosimetric investigation at the therapeutic proton beam facility of CATANA.

Proton beams (62 Mev) are used by the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics to treat eye melanoma tumours at the therapeutic facility called CATANA. A cylindrical slim tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) of 2.7 mm external diameter has been used to compare the radiation quality of two spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBP) at the CATANA proton beam.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

Experimental equivalent cluster-size distributions in nanometric volumes of liquid water.

Ionisation cluster-size distributions in nanometric volumes of liquid water were determined for alpha particles at 4.6 and 5.4 MeV by measuring cluster-size frequencies in small gaseous volumes of nitrogen or propane at low gas pressure as well as by applying a suitable scaling procedure. This scaling procedure was based on the mean free ionisation lengths of alpha particles in water and in the gases measured. For validation, the measurements of cluster sizes in gaseous volumes and the cluster-size formation in volumes of liquid water of equivalent size were simulated by Monte Carlo methods. The experimental water-equivalent cluster-size distributions in nitrogen and propane are compared with those in liquid water and show that cluster-size formation by alpha particles in nitrogen or propane can directly be related to those in liquid water.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

BNCT microdosimetry at the tapiro reactor thermal column.

A thermal column is available for dosimetric and radiobiological studies by the fast reactor TAPIRO, located at the ENEA research centre Casaccia. The TAPIRO neutron field has been studied (in the frame of LNL BNCT project) with a tissue-equivalent proportional counter, which has worked alternatively with an ordinary tissue-equivalent cathode and with a boron-enriched cathode. Measurements have been performed with polyethylene caps of different thickness. Both the absorbed dose and the microdosimetric-calculated biological effective dose show a maximum at approximately 0.5 mg cm(-2) of depth. The different dose components have been calculated and the results are discussed.

Body Burden↗

PubMed2002

Ionization-cluster distributions of alpha-particles in nanometric volumes of propane: measurement and calculation.

The probability of the formation of ionization clusters by primary alpha-particles at 5.4 MeV in nanometric volumes of propane was studied experimentally and by Monte Carlo simulation, as a function of the distance between the center line of the particle beam and the center of the target volume. The volumes were of cylindrical shape, 3.7 mm in diameter and height. As the investigations were performed at gas pressures of 300 Pa and 350 Pa, the dimensions of the target volume were equivalent to 20.6 nm or 24.0 nm in a material of density 1.0 g/cm(3). The dependence of ionization-cluster formation on distance was studied up to values equivalent to about 70 nm. To validate the measurements, a Monte Carlo model was developed which allows the experimental arrangement and the interactions of alpha-particles and secondary electrons in the counter gas to be properly simulated. This model is supplemented by a mathematical formulation of cluster size formation in nanometric targets. The main results of our study are (i) that the mean ionization-cluster size in the delta-electron cloud of an alpha-particle track segment, decreases as a function of the distance between the center line of the alpha-particle beam and the center of the sensitive target volume to the power of 2.6, and (ii) that the mean cluster size in critical volumes and the relative variance of mean cluster size due to delta-electrons are invariant at distances greater than about 20 nm. We could imagine that the ionization-cluster formation in nanometric volumes might in future provide the physical basis for a redefinition of radiation quality.

Biophysics↗

PubMed2002

Nanodosimetric measurements with an avalanche confinement TEPC.

This paper illustrates a tissue-equivalent proportional counter designed to have high gas gain and good energy resolution at nanometric simulated site sizes. Microdosimetric neutron and gamma spectra were measured in dimethyl ether and in propane-based tissue-equivalent gas mixture down to 35 nm. The comparison of experimental data with the results of Monte Carlo calculations shows a satisfactory agreement.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗

PubMed2002

A feasibility study of a single event spectrometer based on semiconductor devices.

The electronics employed around particle accelerators can be disturbed or damaged because of single event effects (SEE). The most likely effect is the single event upset (SEU) which may affect all memory devices. In the case of high energy accelerators, SEUs are mostly produced by secondary charged particles generated by neutron interactions. The measurement of the energy and the lineal energy distribution of these neutron-induced charged particles was proposed. As a first approach, a commercial p-i-n photodiode was employed. This device was irradiated with thermal and monoenergetic fast neutrons. Some effects limiting the use of such a detector as a SEE spectrometer were observed, giving guidelines for the design of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The possibility of creating a solid state microdosemeter by coupling the ASIC with a tissue-equivalent radiator is discussed. Moreover, the p-i-n photodiode covered with a hydrogenated plastic radiator may be employed as a proton-recoil spectrometer.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗

PubMed2002

Track nanodosimetry of an alpha particle.

Experimental measurements and calculations are described of ionisation distributions in propane wall-less gas cavities of about 20 nm simulated size, performed at different distances from a 244Cm alpha particle track. Ionisation events are detected one by one by collecting electrons from the sensitive volume and by separating them with a drift column. Experimental results and Monte Carlo calculations indicate that, in the delta ray cloud, conditional probability curves, average cluster size and the ratio of second moment above first moment of the cluster distribution are invariant with track distance.

Alpha Particles↗