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Biomedical subjects

G Trudel

Publications and source records attributed to G Trudel.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Intraarticular tissue proliferation after immobility: methods of assessment and preliminary results in rat knee joints.

OBJECTIVE: To develop methods to quantify intraarticular connective tissue proliferation after immobility and to report results in an animal model of joint contracture. METHODS: Six rats had their right knee joints immobilized with an internal fixator for 3 weeks. The joints were harvested and sectioned. We measured the length of synovial intima and the subintimal area with image analysis software. Proliferating synoviocytes were identified by immunohistochemistry using the "proliferating cell nuclear antigen" antibody and were counted under optical microscopy on whole joint sections. Two outcomes were analyzed: the subintimal area and a synoviocyte proliferation index (number of proliferating synoviocytes/synovial intima length). Both were obtained for posterior and anterior aspects of the knee. RESULTS: Intra and interobserver reliabilities over 87% were found with these measurement techniques. Subintimal area means were not statistically different between immobilized and contralateral knees. In all subjects, the synoviocyte proliferation index (SPI) posteriorly was higher in immobilized than in contralateral knees (p<0.05), due to an increase in proliferating cells (p<0.05) rather than a change in synovial intima length (p>0.05). The SPI anteriorly was comparable in immobilized and contralateral knees (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: We developed methods to measure intraarticular connective tissue proliferation in a contracture model in vivo. Proliferative changes in the posterior aspect of the knee suggest local mediation of connective tissue proliferation in the contracture process. These methods and preliminary results will benefit investigators assessing interventions in similar models.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of rear-wheel camber on wheelchair stability.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how using a wheelchair with rear-wheel camber (when the bottoms of the wheels are farther apart than the tops) is associated with the risk of instability incidents, and to determine the effect of camber on wheelchair stability. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS: Epidemiologic data were analyzed from a sample of 576 users of manually propelled wheelchairs in Nova Scotia. A controlled trial was performed using a representative wheelchair occupied by an anthropomorphic test dummy, altering the camber in 5 degrees increments from -15 degrees to +15 degrees. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: For the epidemiologic study, univariate and multivariate analyses were used. To measure the static stability, a tilting platform was used according to the guidelines of the International Organization for Standardization. RESULTS: Camber users reported significantly more instability incidents; of these incidents, more were in the rear direction (40% vs 27%) and fewer in the lateral direction (17% vs 28%) (p < .01). When controlling for other factors, camber was associated with a 3.91-fold increased risk of sustaining an instability incident (p < .001). With increases in camber angle in the laboratory, lateral and forward stability increased and rear stability decreased (with the wheels unlocked and locked) (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Camber use is negatively associated with instability incidents in the lateral direction and positively associated with incidents in the backward direction, probably due in part to the effects of camber on lateral and rear stability.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1994

[Sexuality in the psychiatric milieu].

The main goal of this paper is to describe the problems associated with the expression of sexuality of patients in a psychiatric setting. The problem is analyzed according to the normalization principle. The staff's attitude is considered to be a determining factor in this situation. The authors present the principal conclusions of their study and make some practical recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Autotraction.

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Humans↗
PubMed1993

The use of the multiaxial diagnostic system for sexual dysfunctions in the assessment of hypoactive sexual desire.

Hypoactive sexual desire disorders (HSD) are currently recognized as one of the most prevalent and difficult sexual disorders to operationally define, evaluate, and treat. At present, no instrument for the diagnostic assessment has yet prevailed. The present study compared two groups of 20 couples with and without desire problems in order to evaluate the diagnostic utility and discriminative power of the Sexual History Form (SHF), a 28-item questionnaire used to classify sexual dysfunctions following the Multiaxial Diagnostic System for Sexual Dysfunctions (MDSSD). Analysis of the SHF revealed couples with desire problems significantly differed on 15 diagnostic items. Eight of these questions corresponded to the 12 SHF items used by the MDSSD to establish desire-phase diagnoses, and six were most predictive of subjects with desire disorders. Although the current data suggest the SHF is a reliable instrument for the assessment of desire disorders, more studies are needed to further substantiate the diagnostic efficacy of this measure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A comparison between the effects of Kegel's exercises and a combination of sexual awareness relaxation and breathing on situational orgasmic dysfunction in women.

Several authors suggest that women should use pubococcygeal muscle exercises to increase their probability of experiencing orgasm during sexual activities. However, few experimental studies support the efficacy of these exercises. In the present study a comparison was made between the effects of pubococcygeal exercises (PC group) and a combination of sexual awareness, relaxation and breathing (SARB group) on situational orgasmic dysfunction in women. No significant changes occur in orgasmic responsivity in these two groups. Significant differences were obtained in questionnaires and these differences were always in the direction of better scores in the SARB group.

Awareness↗
PubMed1982

Self-injurious behavior prevalence and relationships to environmental events.

A survey of 2,858 persons in three institutions indicates an overall prevalence of 14.1% for SIB. Topography of SIB, number of forms in each subject, and intensity and frequency are related to the circumstances surrounding SIB, personnel reactions, age, sex, diagnosis and degree of retardation. Analyses of these relationships provide an SIB profile for the aggressive/severely-profoundly retarded. Direct observation of SIB in the wards indicates a low rate of antecedent and subsequent events. These findings are interpreted in relation to alternative explanatory hypotheses of SIB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Thought-stopping as a treatment for reducing cigarette smoking.

Three treatments, thought-stopping, group discussion, and the wearing of a badge saying "I don't smoke", each combined with self-monitoring, were compared to one another and to self-monitoring alone for their ability to modify the smoking behavior of 60 volunteers. All procedures led to an important reduction of the smoking rate at the beginning of treatment, the reduction being significantly greater with thought-stopping. The latter remained the most successful treatment during the 6-month follow-up, although it did not differ significantly from self-monitoring alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Social reinstatement of chronic psychiatric patients].

In this paper, the author tried to determine the main factors which could improve the return of chronic psychiatric patients in society. First, the main studies on this subject showed that there is a high recidivism rate. Secondly, it seemed obvious that a medical approach by itself is not sufficient and that it is important to program in details the return of chronic psychiatric patients in society paying attention to the various psycho-social variables that can influence their behavior. In this way, it seemed that the most effective techniques are those taking up this problem very concretely and trying to prepare the patients to meet day to day problems. More specifically, the behavioral techniques and package treatment approaches seems to be the better ways of preparing chronic psychiatric patients to go back and live in the community.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1973

[Token economy].

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Behavior Therapy↗