PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Ugazio

Publications and source records attributed to G Ugazio.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The goal-oriented project "pathology of environmental pollutants" (M.U.R.S.T. 40%)].

The purpose of this study was to estimate to toxicity bound to effluent water, pore water and bed sediment sampled twice during 1994 (spring and autumn) from 16 tributaries of Po river. Toxicity was determined by using a battery of bioassays (Artemia salina, Dugesiagonocephala and Thamnocephalus platyurus) and a battery of phytoassays, including Oryza sativa and Triticum sativum. Results show that practically no toxicity is found in effluent water, mild adverse effects are obtained with sediment pore water, while the most harmful compounds are those bound to sediment particles. These data strengthen the hypothesis that sediment is the true historical memory of the ecotoxicological conditions of a water body. Finally, the map of our results illustrates that pollution severity is progressively increasing from western to eastern tributaries in Po river valley.

Biological Assay↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toxicologic effects of cadmium on gametes and embryonal kinetics of paracentrotus lividus].

The adverse effects of cadmium chloride or cadmium sulphate on both fertilization of sea urchin eggs by spermatozoa and cadmium treated embryos have been studied. Cd treated ova can be fertilized by control spermatozoa. On the contrary, the preliminary treatment of spermatozoa with CdCl2 or CdSO4 succeeds in reducing the fertilization rate of control eggs at concentrations as low as 2 micrograms/ml. Cd sulphate appears to be more noxious than Cd chloride. The study of the residual motility of sea urchin embryos exposed to either CdCl2 or CdSO4 has evidenced a fairly effect at 21 hours after fertilization. On the contrary, concentrations of 25 micrograms/ml Cd chloride or Cd sulphate significantly affect the motility of 48 hours embryos. Higher levels of cadmium, for example, 150 or 200 micrograms/ml, completely block the translation of developing organisms. In this instance, Cd chloride is more effective than Cd sulphate. In addition, a few embryos are affected by malformations and are underdeveloped. These results are interpreted on the basis of the inhibitory effect of cadmium on the CaCO3 uptake by tissues and structures which physiologically need to be calcified in order to develop and function. Further, they give support to the predictive significance of the toxicological tests on the sea urchin plutei in monitoring environmental hazards.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Protective effect on nephropathy and on cataract in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat of the vanadium-lazaroid combination].

Experimental work from our laboratory has confirmed the protective power of vanadium compounds on hyperglycemia and glycosuria in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes. Furthermore, the diabetic cataract too has been partially prevented. The protection slightly increased, when vanadium was administered in combination with vitamin E. This investigation has introduced a combination of Na3VO4 plus the lazaroid U-83836E, a liposoluble antioxidant much more efficacious than tocopherol, in order to improve the insufficient protection when vitamin E was used. Male Wistar rats, rendered diabetic with STZ, were treated for 12 weeks with Na3VO4 in drinking water, U-83836E carried by the food, or both. The most significant metabolic parameters (food and fluid intake, diuresis and excreted feces) were studied monthly by means of metabolic cages. Body weight, glycemia, glycosuria and proteinuria were also recorded. At week 6 and 12 of the treatment, the opaqueness of the eye lenses was controlled. Circulation glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and fluorescent peroxides were evaluated at the end of the experiment. After the first month of treatment U-83836E improved significantly the protective effect of vanadate alone on polydipsia and polyuria, but more efficiently on hyperglycemia and glycosuria. The further ameliorating effect of the lazaroid was observed also on HbA1c, NAG and, most important, on the cataract. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the lazaroid U-83836E succeeds in further protecting the most important symptoms of diabetes treated with vanadate, and that this antioxidant acts effectively even when it is administered per os, in a non invasive manner.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Eco-toxicological study conducted with a battery of biological and phytological tests on sediments carried out on a series of 24 tributaries of the Po in 1994 and 1995].

In spring and autumn 1994 and 1995 affluent water and bed sediment were sampled from 24 tributaries of the Po river, always at the same site and at the nearest place to the confluence. In the laboratory the pore water was separated from the particle fraction of the sediment. The organic compounds bound to the latter component were extracted with solvents and brought to water solution by means of dimethyl sulfoxide. The observed animal species, along with the seeds of Lepidium, were exposed to effluent water, to pore water and to water solutions of the organic compounds extracted from bed sediment. Toxicity was evaluated on the basis of 1) direct lethality, 2) the delay of embryo development, 3) the impairment of regeneration, in the animal species, while the germination index was used for the Lepidium susceptibility. The results of these investigations demonstrate that 1) the challenged species cover a broad range of sensitivities toward environmental toxins, 2) toxicity found in river samples appears almost exclusively bound to the sediment, 3) the noxious effects found in the tributaries of the Po river increase moving downstream, and 4) likewise the sediment-bound toxicity varies among the different samplings, both as a consequence of changes in rain-dependent river flow, and because of the man-made interventions on the river sides and bed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toxicity of atrazine and its metabolite deethylatrazine in Thamnocephalus platyurus and Dugesia gonocephala].

The toxicity of Atrazine and that of its Desethylatrazine metabolite has been defined employing two organisms already tested in our labs the Dugesia gonocephala, belonging to a scissiparous strain coming from the island of Tavolara (Sardinia) and the Thamnocephalus platyurus, crustacean anostracan produced under form of quiescent cysts from Creasel Ltd. (Deinze, Belgium). It has been defined the lethal concentrations at 50% of Atrazine and of Desethylatrazine, of which it has been studied also the report dose-effect in the comparisons of the rectilinear motility. The results highlight that in the comparisons of the T. platyurus Atrazine expounds a toxicity of around three times that of its metabolite; this is not seen with the Planarians that are equally sensitive to both the compounds. The use of these two experimental models for the evaluation of the contamination of bodies of water is shown to be particularly useful given their great sensitivity to pollutants.

Animals↗