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Biomedical subjects

G V Chernysheva

Publications and source records attributed to G V Chernysheva.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Clinical genetic determinants of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances in patients with hypertension and excessive weight].

AIM: To elucidate associations of polymorphic markers of PPAR, PPARG2, IRS1, IRS2 genes with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypertension and excessive weight. MATERIAL: Patients (n=145, 53 men and 92 women, age 40-75 years) with untreated stage 1 hypertension (systolic BP 140-159 and diastolic BP <100 mm Hg) and excessive weight or obesity (body mass index >27 kg/m(2)) were divided into 2 groups: with (group 1, n=124) and without (group II, n=21) disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. Group I comprised patients with insulin resistance, abnormal fasting blood glucose or glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes. Results of oral glucose tolerance test were normal in 25 and abnormal in 99 of these patients. RESULTS: Carriers of Pro allele compared with carriers of Ala allele of PPARG2 gene had higher frequency of insulin resistance. No association was found between insulin resistance and alleles and genotypes of PPAR, IRS1, and IRS2 genes. There was an association between diastolic BP and polymorphic markers Pro12Ala of PPARG2 gene and C24313G of PPARA gene. Carriers of C allele of PPARA gene and Ala allele of PPARG2 gene had higher diastolic BP. No association was found between systolic BP and alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers of PPARG2 and PPARA genes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Unsolved questions of infectious endocarditis prophylaxis in outpatients practice].

AIM: To check practical feasibility of recommendations of prevention of infectious endocarditis (IE) and to provide more accurate figures on the occurrence of valvular lesions in working population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subacute IE manifestations have been analysed in 10 patients of a general outpatient clinic. Echocardiograms of 6209 patients under 60 years of age were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: In one-third of the patients IE developed in the presence of streptococcal and staphylococcal infection. In all the cases cardiac valve involvement was stated. In 4 cases changes in the valve were not accompanied my impairment of the valvular function. By echocardiography, valvular structure changes without valvular disease were detected 2.3 times more frequently that valvular disease. Difficulties presenting in outpatient IE prophylaxis are outlined. CONCLUSION: Advances in IE prevention will be achieved if echo-CG becomes a mandatory examination in the program of working population check-up, if early diagnosis of streptococcal ENT infection is made, if physicians of different specialties work as a team.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Experience in long-term use of allapinin in polyclinical practice].

The authors summed up the practical experience gained in long-term maintenance treatment with allapinine, a new Soviet antiarrhythmic agent, given to 65 patients with various cardiac arrhythmias in the outpatient setting. The long-term allapinine use yielded good results: its efficacy was proved to be approximately equal (63% and 60%) in patients with ventricular or supraventricular extrasystoles, respectively, but it was 77% in those with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. There were no decreases in antiarrhythmic activity of allapinine during its long-term therapy. The agent produced no significant effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial contractility. Its side effects were recorded in 17 (26.2%) patients, however, withdrawal of the agent was required only in 6 cases.

Aconitine↗
PubMed1989

[Possibilities of Holter ECG monitoring in detecting arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia in persons with ischemic heart disease risk factors].

Holter's ECG monitoring was used to investigate 140 males showing no clinical signs of coronary disease, while having 1 to 5 coronary risk factors (hypodynamia, arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia). Supraventricular rhythm disorders were recorded in 86%, and ventricular ones, in 69%. Transitory ST depression was detected in 15% of the cases, appearing in response to physical (90%) of mental (9%) stress or spontaneously in 1%. Ninety percent of ischemic attacks were asymptomatic. Ischemic ECG changes were nearly twice as frequent in patients with 3 to 5 coronary risk factors, as compared to those with 1 or 2 risk factors. It is therefore suggested that asymptomatic coronary disease can be suspected in some of the patients with coronary risk factors. This suspicion is confirmed by positive bicycle ergometric test in 53% of the individuals with changed Holter's ECG monitoring data. Combined use of Holter's ECG monitoring and bicycle ergometry increases twofold the detectability of electrocardiographic abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Lipid peroxidation and the functioning of the Ca pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle in hypercholesterolemia].

During prolonged hypercholesterolemia (HCh), there was a reduction in the efficacy of Ca-pump function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbit skeletal muscles, an increase in cholesterol content, and intensification of lipid peroxidation in SR membranes. Supplementation of the cholesterol-rich diet with alpha-tocopherol effectively prevented dysfunction of the SR Ca-pump and reduced the enhanced LPO level in SR membranes without having any effect on cholesterol content in blood serum and SR membranes. The increase in the LPO level seems likely to be primarily responsible for abnormalities in the SR Ca-pump during HCh.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Structural changes in membrane lipids of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscles during hypercholesterolemia].

Membrane lipid phase has been studied in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscles, using spin probes. Hypercholesterolemia was found to increase rotation and decrease hydrophobicity of water-soluble probe medium located inside SR vesicles. This is probably indicative of the reduction in SR vesicle membranes. At the same time reduced rotation and increased hydrophobicity and regularity of fat-acid probe micro-environment are observed in hypercholesterolemia, with the differences disappearing nearer to the centre of the membrane. It is suggested that POL activation and cholesterol accumulation in SR membranes in hypercholesterolemia lead to greater density of phospholipid molecules in the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Role of lipid peroxidation in changes in the structure of Ca-ATPase in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum during hypercholesterolemia].

Using the method of spin labels it was shown that in hypercholesterolemia (HCh), the following parameters decreased: the velocity of maleimide spin label binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-ATPase of rabbit skeletal muscles, the accessibility of spin-labeled thiol groups of the enzyme to potassium ferricyanide and sodium ascorbate, and the mobility of the Ca-ATPase molecule fragment to which the spin label was attached. In addition, intensification of lipid peroxidation was demonstrated in SR membranes. Supplementation of the high-cholesterol diet with alpha-tocopherol resulted in the decreased rates of lipid peroxidation in SR membranes and increased values of the above parameters relative to the values found under HCh. It is concluded that the effect of alpha-tocopherol in vivo on the structure of the Ca-ATPase proteolipid complex in HCh is due mainly to antioxidant properties of the diet-supplementing substance.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Spin labels in the analysis of Ca-ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit skeletal muscles in hypercholesteremia].

The method of electron paramagnetic resonance with spin-labeled maleimide was used to study variation of the structure of Ca-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in rabbit skeletal muscles under long-term hypercholesterolemia (HC). The rate of the maleimide spin label binding with Ca-ATPase of the SR was decreased in HC, which correlated with a lesser access of spin-labeled thiol groups for potassium ferricyanide and sodium ascorbate. HC led to a considerable reduction in the lability and to enhancement of hydrophobia of the spin-labeled fragment of the enzyme. It is concluded that the disordered function of the SR Ca-pump is a consequence of structural changes in the Ca-ATPase molecule in HC.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Energy-dependent transport of Ca2+ and lipid peroxidation in the sarcoplasmic reticular membranes of rats during hypokinesia].

Thirty-day hypokinesia in Wistar rats did not affect the rate of Ca2+ transport and the activity of Ca-ATPase in light and heavy fractions of sarcoplasmic reticulum of primarily white muscles. As hypokinesia was raised up to 90 days, these indicators increased. The intensity of lipid peroxidation in sarcoplasmic reticulum was lower in hypokinetic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Calcium transport and ATPase activity of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments of rabbit heart and muscle in hypercholesteremia].

The rabbits were fed cholesterol diet (1 g/kg) for 3--7 months. As a result there was an increase in cholesterol concentration in mitochondrial membranes and fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SPR) of the myocardium and skeletal muscles. Saturation of the membranes with cholesterol led to a decrease in the efficiency of SPR Ca-pump manifested by reduced Ca/ATP ratio and increased Ca2+ outflow rate from SPR. Under these conditions the rate of Ca2+ accumulation was higher in SPR than in the mitochondria. The activity of Mg2+, 2,4 DNF ATPase of the mitochondria declined in hypercholesterolemia.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of disseminated myocardial necrosis on ATPase activity, Ca2+ transport, and lipid peroxidation in cardiac mitochondrial and microsomal membranes].

Isoproterenol-induced (5 mg/kg) disseminated necrosis of the rabbit myocardium led to a decrease in the efficiency of calcium pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments. This was shown by the reduced Ca/ATP ratio, as well as by Ca2+ and Ca2+ ATPase accumulation rate. In these conditions, calcium transport to mitochondria increased. Lipid peroxidation plays a definite role in the impairment of membrane permeability since the concentration of malonic dialdehyde rises in microsomal and mitochondrial fractions.U

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of stimulation of the hypothalamic nuclei on the lipid concentration and ATPase activity of the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of the rabbit heart].

Stimulation of the ventro-medial nuclei of the hypothalamus led to reduction in the concentration of phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the mitochondria of the rabbit heart. Cholesterol load against this background elevated the concentration of cholesterol and reduced the phospholipid concentration even more. The heart mitochondrial and microsomal activity of Ca2+--ATP-ase was reduced. These data differed from the results recieved in the action of cholesterol alone. The research carried out showed that the action of exogenous cholesterol depended on the mechanisms regulating the lipid metabolism.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of short-term microcirculatory disorders on indices of myocardial energy metabolism].

Disturbance of the microcirculation produced by the combined injection of the high molecular weight dextran and vasopressin led as soon as the first minutes (5 min) to the intensification of glycolysis. This was testified to by the reduction of glycogen concentration by 19.4 percent, elevation of the phosphorylase "A" activity by 30-36 percent and of the pyruvic acid by 36.9 percent. The ATP, ADP, AMP, and the KP concentration remained unchanged. The observed glycolysis changes can be regarded as the initial metabolic reactions resulting from hypoxia originating in microcirculation disturbances.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1975

[The influence of rheologic properties of the blood on adaptive processes in the myocardium].

Changes in rheological properties of the blood were produced by intravenous injection of a high-molecular weight dextran and lysin-vasopressin. The animals were decapitated in one hour. Oxygen absorption by mitochondria of the heart in oxidation of 2.5-10 mM of the succinate increased by 90-120%, as compared to control. Stimulation of respiration by ADP was decreased 1.5-2 times. Simultaneous administration of the succinate and glutamic acid normalized the respiration and phosphorylation. A possibility of inhibition of succinic-dehydrogenase by the oxalo-acetic acid was suggested. Switching of respiration to succinic acid and limiting of the SDG activity can be considered as adaptive factors under conditions of changes in rheological properties of the blood, and are directed to the maintenance of cardiac activity, this being evidenced by the absence of changes in the ATP-asic activity and in the myosin content of the heart.

Adaptation, Physiological↗