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Biomedical subjects

G V Einarsson

Publications and source records attributed to G V Einarsson.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Validation of an Icelandic version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).].

OBJECTIVE: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is increasingly used to estimate needs for medical treatment, to evaluate its outcome and quality of care. The aim of this study was to compare the HRQL of several diagnostic groups before and after treatment with the HL-test (HL = IQL, Icelandic Quality of Life test) and to study its validity for measuring changes in quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients on waiting lists for coronary catheterization, orthopedic or urologic operations, patients in psychiatric out-patient treatment and patients entering treatment for alcohol dependence were asked to fill in the HL-test, a total of 1195 patients. Three months after treatment they were retested. The results of tests were standarized with population norms available to make them directly comparable with those of the general population. RESULTS: The response rate was 75% in each round. The HRQL of all patients was reduced in all aspects compared to that of the general population, that of the heart and urology patients less so than that of the orthopedic and psychiatric patients. Each group had a specific profile, especially marked for the orthopedic and psychiatric patients. Following treatment the HRQL or some aspects of it improved in all groups, especially for those which it had been most impaired. CONCLUSIONS: Studies of HRQL provide information useful for planning and delivery of health services. The HL-test is an instrument with good validity and reliability which is easy to use for such studies.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1999

Metanephric adenoma.

A 59-year old woman was diagnosed with a tumour in her right kidney. A nephrectomy was performed, and a 45 mm diameter tan-pink coloured tumour was found. Microscopy revealed small, dark cells in organized arrays of small round acini and tubules with glomeruloid infoldings. A diagnosis of metanephric adenoma was made. The tumour cells proved diploid on flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining was positive for CAM 5.2 and AE-3. FISH analysis of three chromosomes did not reveal any abnormal karyotype. It is important to differentiate metanephric adenoma from renal cell carcinoma and adult Wilm's tumour, since it has a benign course.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

A population-based analysis of survival and incidental diagnosing of renal cell carcinoma patients in Iceland, 1971-1990.

The significance of incidental diagnosing in relation to survival of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients is not known. A retrospective, population-based study was carried out in order to evaluate the survival of RCC patients, with emphasis on incidental diagnosing. Included in the study were all patients diagnosed with RCC in Iceland between 1971 and 1990. The tumours were classified and the extent of the disease staged by Robson's method. Crude probability of survival was evaluated for every stage, and multivariate analysis applied in order to determine prognostic factors. Out of 408 patients, 15% were diagnosed incidentally between 1971 and 1980 and 20% between 1981 and 1990 (p > 0.1), most often by intravenous urography. Only 5 tumours were detected incidentally by ultrasound techniques and 4 by CT scans. Crude five-year survival was 76% for stage I disease and 11% for stage IV disease. After correction for staging by multivariate analysis, incidental diagnosis and the year of diagnosis were not independent significant prognostic factors for mortality. As in many other studies, our data indicate that incidentally diagnosed RCCs are at a lower stage at the time of diagnosis. On the other hand, the results of our population-based study show that ultrasound and CT scanning have not significantly increased the number of incidentally diagnosed tumours. It is therefore not very surprising that surviving of RCC patients in Iceland has remained the same for the last two decades.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral surgery. Ceftriaxone versus cephradine versus control. A randomized, prospective study in low risk patients.

In this prospective, randomized study, the efficacy of one dose ceftriaxone or 48 hour cephradine therapy was compared to a control group to prevent urinary infection in 179 patients undergoing TUS. Only patients with low risk of developing infections were included. Both cephalosporins significantly reduced the incidence of UTI (ceftriaxone 11.9%, cephradine 17.6% compared to controls 47.2%; p less than 0.0005). Ceftriaxone seemed to have the definite edge in antibacterial spectrum and was easier to administer. Both regimens were well tolerated. Culture of prostatic chips did not have any significant predictive value to determine which patients would develop UTI.

Aged↗