Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G V Valueva.
The development of experimental vitamin D deficiency in rats was accompanied by changes in cyclic nucleotides metabolism in the cortical part of kidneys, namely the increase in cyclic AMP synthesis and the decrease in cyclic GMP. The above changes appear in combination with marked deviations in calcium/phosphorus metabolism.
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The present paper deals with the effect of beta-endorphin on catecholamine content in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of male rats. beta-endorphin was found to decrease catecholamine content in the rat brain, with the degree of reduction depending on the brain topography and the time following the peptide administration. 5 min later no changes in catecholamine content were observed either in the hypothalamus or in the cerebral cortex. 20 min later beta-endorphin induced a statistically significant fall of catecholamine concentration in the hypothalamus. A tendency towards its decrease was also observed in the cerebral cortex. 60 min later beta-endorphin produced an insignificant decrease in catecholamine level in both brain areas under study. It may be therefore suggested that beta-endorphin-induced decrease of catecholamine content in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex represents one of the mechanisms underlying beta-endorphin stimulating action on a number of trophic functions of the hypophysis.
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In the present paper evidences are provided for the changes occurring in blood opioid neuropeptides in patients with Itsenko-Cushing's disease), who were treated with an antiserotonin drug, cyproheptadine (peritol). An increase in the plasma contents of beta-endorphin and beta-lipotrophin in the above patients has been found to be one of the factors conditioning an enhanced activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. Treatment of the patients suffering from Itsenko-Cushing's disease with cyproheptadine (peritol) resulted in a decrease of the plasma beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin, as well as a display in 60% of cases of clinical and laboratory remission. Absence of the clinical remission in some patients treated with peritol indicated a need for intervention in the metabolism of other monoamines involved in the modulation of the action of opioid neuropeptides on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.
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The authors provide the data on the changes in the blood content of opioid neuropeptides in patients with Icenko-Cushing's disease treated with an antiserotonin drug peritol. The high content of beta-endorphine and beta-lipotropin in the patients' blood was one of the factors determining activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system. The treatment of patients with Icenko-Cushing's disease by peritol led to a decrease in the blood content of beta-endorphine and beta-lipotropin, promoting a clinical and laboratory remission in 60% of patients. Some patients treated with peritol did not develop a clinical remission. This indicates the necessity of acting on the metabolism of other monoamines involved in the modulation of the action of neuropeptides on the hypothalamus-pituitary system.
It has been disclosed that beta-endorphin exerts marked effect on the secretion of ACTH, prolactin, corticosterone, aldosterone and somatotrophin formation in the pituitary but does not produce any effect on blood thyrotropin. Maximal rise in the concentration of the hormones was seen at the 20th minute, despite the fact that an elevation in the content of some hormones was recorded at the 5th minute following intravenous injection of beta-endorphin. At the 60th minute after beta-endorphin injection the content of prolactin, corticosterone and aldosterone in the blood dropped to the control level, while ACTH content remained significantly higher than in intact animals. One of the possible mechanisms underlying the action of beta-endorphin on the secretion of the hormones indicated might be the changes in the ratio of brain monoamines (a decrease in dopamine).
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The present paper is concerned with the mechanism of action of the blocker of serotonin receptors, cyproheptadine (peritol) on the hypothalamohypophyseal-adrenal system activity. It has been established in male rats that the inhibitory, antiserotonin action of peritol on the indicated system activity depends on the rate and rhythmicity of the drug administration, and, to a less degree, on its dosage. Peritol exerts a specific antiserotonin action via the CNS and by acting on some regulatory mechanism in peripheral tissues (adenylate cyclase system, corticosterone secretion).
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A study was made of the activity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal system under the effect of peritol (ciprohepatadin), an antagonist of serotonin receptors. Experiments were carried ot on male rats in which the blood content of corticosterone, aldosterone and ACTH was determined 3, 6 hours and 14, 20 and 30 days after peritol administration (twice a day). Pronounced inhibitory effect on the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal system was found to be attainable on a more frequent exposure (every 3 hours) to peritol with a purpose of maintaining the optimal drug concentration in various body tissues. The latter circumstance gives rise to peritol effect which is realized through both the central mechanisms (ACTH content) and as a result of direct action on steroid output.
The paper is concerned with the data on the cAMP content in rat tissues 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after insulin injection. Rapidly developing heterogenous changes were recorded in the cAMP content of rat tissues during insulin-induced hypoglycemia and stress reaction. The evidence obtained indicates that during stress reaction the line of the changes in the entire body depends on the triggering of numerous neurohumoral mechanisms that regulate the most essential processes of body activity via the adenylate cyclase system.
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