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Biomedical subjects

G Vignon

Publications and source records attributed to G Vignon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Measurement of the variation in the thickness of lumbar disks over time in patients with lumbago].

The average thickness of the last 3 lumbar disks was measured using an automatic image analyzer in 53 patients who were regularly followed-up both clinically and radiographically for an average period of 14.8 years (extremes: 6 and 39 years). This retrospective study showed that disks do not necessarily become pinched with age, even in patients with lumbago, that the rate of disk pinching is extremely variable from one patient to another, that disk collapse takes an average of 20 to 30 years, that there is a correlation between the severity of the lumbago and the rate at which the disk pinches, and that there are rapidly evolutive discopathies which are responsible for severe lumbago.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cartilage destruction in experimentally induced osteoarthritis.

Section of the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee joint of mature dogs resulted in a progressive fibrillation of both tibial and femoral condylar cartilages. Reduced tissue microhardness and increased water content preceded fibrillation while fixed charge density remained unchanged. A different histological pattern of initial fibrillation was found, however, in femoral and tibial cartilages which exhibited tangential cleft and vertical splits, respectively. Tangential fibrillation alone was associated with necrosis of superficial cells. This suggests that the mechanism of early osteoarthritic cartilage destruction varies in different articular surfaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Methods for evaluating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in rheumatoid polyarthritis].

The study of the effectiveness of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis requires only short term trials using simple, sensitive and reproducible tests based upon evaluation of pain. The estimation of spontaneous pain by the visual pain scale, number of nocturnal awakenings, Ritchie joint index, morning stiffness, grip strength and Lee functional index are the most informative parameters. The results of these quantitative tests of pain are usually in close agreement with patient judgement which remains the most important criterion.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Cartilage of the head of the femoral in articular chondrocalcinosis (author's transl)].

A study of three femoral heads removed from patients suffering from articular chondrocalcinosis enabled the authors to identify the lesions of the cartilage in that disorder. They are mainly represented by crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. They appear within the cartilage which is macroscopically intact and histologically normal, but their location and the related tissue phenomena in their formation remain controversial and poorly understood. They accumulate in the various layers of the non-calcified cartilage within which they appear to hollow out genuine cavities by pushing back and then destroying the intercellular matrix and surrounding chondrocytes. In spite of their at times considerable size, the accumulations of crystals are not accompanied with fissures or erosion of cartilage tissue. This good histological tolerance appears to be explained by the distribution of calcification outside of the areas bearing pressure, which is in agreement with the often asymptomatic nature of chondrocalcinosis. These calcfications appear to be able to render cartilage fragile and to lead to pseudoarthrosic arthropathy when they are abundant and spread through the entire surface of a joint.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Extensive apical pulmonary fibrosis complicating ankylosing spondylitis. 2 cases (author's transl)].

The authors describe two cases of pulmonary fibrosis in patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was rejected on the basis of negative studies for tubercle bacilli and the total ineffectiveness of specific therapy. No evidence of microbial or parasitic infection was found. This fibrosis was associated with a considerable worsening in general condition. Nevertheless, the first patient remains alive 15 years after the onset of this pathological manifestation. The second patient died but autopsy was not possible. A wide review of the literature is undertaken in the light of these two cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[The cellularity of fibrillated articular cartilage. A comparative study of age-related and osteoarthrotic cartilage lesions from the human femoral head].

The cellularity of human femoral head cartilage has been studied in age-related and osteoarthrotic fibrillated samples and control intact samples. Age-related fibrillated cartilage shows a marked increase of the cell density which is directly related to the proliferation of cell clusters and to cartilage thinning. In osteoarthrotic cartilage lesions multicellular clusters are less frequent and cell density is decreased. A smooth aspect of the exposed cartilage surface and an increased subchondral bone mass are only found in osteoar/hrotic samples. The findings suggest that age-related and osteoarthrotic cartilage lesions are due to different mechanical stresses governing the cellularity of the tissue.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

[Myelopathies cervical arthroses. Apropos of 14 personal cases, 12 of which were operated on].

Reviewing fourteen cases, the authors show that cervical myelopathies present by spastic quadriplegia associated in half of the cases with sensory impairment and in a third of cases with radicular signs in the upper limbs. Tomography always shows posterior discal osteophytosis, sometimes gross, which reduces the lumen of the canal more particularly since it is associated (eleven times out of fourteen) with constitutional stenosis, of variable severity. Opaque or gaseous myelography makes it possible to exclude malformation or new formation and will demonstrate cord constriction within the canal. Surgical treatment (eleven laminectomies, 1 discectomy-artrodesis) resulted in 7 improvements, no change in 3 cases and 2 exacerbations. The myelopathies appeared to be due to repeated contusions of the cord and its arteries against the wall of the canal, caused by neck movements.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Comparative study of intravenous ketoprofen versus aspirin.

In order to assess the analgesic effect of an injectable preparation of ketoprofen, a double-blind comparative study was conducted against a soluble form of acetylsalicylic acid of known efficacy, widely used in the clinic. Only one indication was considered for inclusion in the trial, namely discogenic sciatica. We found no significant statistical difference between these two products, considering the criteria used. The time of onset of effect was, on average, 30 minutes and the mean duration of activity was 4 hours. The two products were well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Quantitative histological study of the cartilage of human arthrotic femur head].

A quantitative histological study of the cartilage of the human arthrosic femoral head. In this work, samples of unsplit cartilage taken from 15 arthrosic femoral heads and 26 normal femoral heads from the same topographical areas, and of identical age, were studied by quantitative histological methods. This study was concerned with the thickness of the calcified and non-calcified cartilage, the cellular density, the average number of nuclei per lacuna, and the average surface area of the lacunae in the different layers of the cartilage. Comparison between the two groups of samples showed that the arthrosic cartilage differed from the normal cartilage by a diminution in the size of the superficial lacunae, a reduction in the number of nuclei per lacuna in the middle layer, a diminution in the cellularity of the deep layer and an augmentation in the layer of calcified cartilage. These modifications suggest that arthrosis of the hip is secondary to diffuse cellular alterations associating a diminution in metabolic activity and necrosis of the chondrocytes.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1975

[Study of the concentration of glycosaminoglycans in cartilage from normal and osteoarthritic femoral head].

The biochemical composition of cartilage was studied in relation to the site of the sample and the age on 20 normal femoral heads and in relation to the histological appearance of the tissues on 34 arthrosic femoral heads. The collagen and glycosaminoglycan content of normal cartilage is identical in the four poles of the femoral head but becomes reduced with age. The chondroitin sulphate content falls slightly but slowly during ageing. In arthrosis, the glycosaminogylcan content is reduced when the cartilage is eroded and remains roughly normal when the cartilage is macroscopically normal or osteophytic. The cartilage of the osteophyte differs, however, radically from normal articular cartilage by a very high water content and by the presence of glycosaminoglycans which are mainly dialysiable. Similar modifications, that are less marked, occur in the macroscopically normal cartilage of the arthrosic femoral head and suggest the role of a disorder of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the etiology of certain cases of arthrosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Short-term biological effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin in Paget's disease. Influence of posology].

In ten patients with Paget's disease of bone (Group I) intramuscular injection of 50 MRC units of synthetic Salmon calcitonin (SCT) induced a marked decrease of serum calcium (-1,444 mg%), serum phosphorus (-1,06 mg%), urinary total hydroxyproline (-71%), and a marked increase of urinary cyclic AMP (+ 114%). These changes occur at maximum 6 hours after the injection with a return to the initial values after 24 hours. In six other patients with Paget's disease (Group II) the acute biological effects were of the same nature and magnitude after the injection of 100 MRC units of SCT. In this group a significant but temporary increase of the plasma parathyroid hormone level was demonstrated. The magnitude of the hypocalcemia seems proportional to the initial serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels. After one month of treatment, the alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline have more marked and more regular decrease in group II who received 100 MRC units of SCT daily than in group I who received 50 MRC units three times a week. The cellular mechanisms of these biological changes are discussed. A posology of two daily injections of 50 MRC units of SCT is suggested when a quick and maximum stoppage of pagetic remodeling is required.

Adult↗