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Biomedical subjects

G W Adams

Publications and source records attributed to G W Adams.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Subtenons lidocaine injection for postoperative pain relief after strabismus surgery in children: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Ophthalmologists are now encouraged to perform strabismus surgery as an outpatient procedure, but postoperative pain may be a barrier to discharge. Systemic analgesics have side effects or are contraindicated in some patients. We designed a trial to determine the efficacy of subtenons lidocaine injection at reducing postoperative pain and systemic analgesia requirements. METHODS: Children having unilateral primary horizontal muscle surgery were randomized to either receive an injection of 1 mL of 2% lidocaine into the inferonasal subtenons space or not. The child's parents, who were masked to the intervention, assessed pain over 4 hours postoperatively using an objective pain-scoring tool. RESULTS: Seventeen children received injections and 14 did not. Five of the subtenons group required additional analgesia (29%) compared to 9 of the controls (64%, chi(2): P =.052). The pain scores at each time interval tended to be lower in the treatment group, compared to controls, statistically significantly so at the 2-hour observation (Mann-Whitney U test: P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide some evidence of an association between the use of subtenons lidocaine injection and a reduction of pain experienced by children in the immediate postoperative period following primary strabismus surgery.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1994

Complete assignment of disulfide bonds in bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase.

Peptide mapping, chemical sequencing, microbore HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS) were used to identify the sites of intra- and intermolecular disulfide linkages in bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase. The enzyme contains 14 cysteines and seven disulfides per monomer. Edman sequencing of tryptic and peptic peptides determined linkages at positions Cys140-Cys582, Cys218-Cys269, Cys255-Cys281, Cys452-Cys474, Cys514-Cys514, and Cys516-Cys516, where cysteines at positions 514 and 516 on one monomer disulfide pair with their homologs on a second monomer. These linkages were confirmed by LC/ESI/MS and MALDI/MS. Further analysis by LC/ESI/MS and MALDI/MS identified linkages at positions Cys376-Cys489 and Cys380-Cys551. Cysteines 140 and 582 form a disulfide linkage that folds the C-terminus back in proximity to the N-terminus. The remaining intramolecular disulfides occur along two separate internal regions of the protein. The density of histidine residues in these two regions suggests binding sites for two Cu2+ atoms per monomer. In addition, previously identified amino acids that react with mechanism-based inactivators occur in these two regions. We propose that these five internal disulfide bonds define two Cu2+ binding domains that make up the active site of a dopamine beta-hydroxylase monomer. Considering previous data on the location of glycosylation sites, mechanism-based inactivation sites, and the disulfide linkages presented here, the data suggest an overall topology were the N- and C-termini are in close proximity and are solvent exposed and where the Cu2+ binding sites are buried in two interior domains stabilized by five disulfide bonds.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Primary structures for a mammalian cellular and serum copper amine oxidase.

The 6-hydroxydopa quinone-containing active site peptide from bovine serum amine oxidase has been found to be highly homologous to a segment of a cloned human kidney amiloride-binding protein (Barbry, P., Champe, M., Chassande, O., Munemitsu, S., Champigny, G., Lingueglia, E., Maes, P., Frelin, C., Tartar, A., Ullrich, A., and Lazdunski, M. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 7347-7351). Additionally, a second 38-residue tryptic peptide (peptide XI) isolated from bovine serum amine oxidase shows 82% identity with a portion near the carboxyl terminus of the human kidney amiloride-binding protein. When an extended active site peptide was isolated from porcine kidney diamine oxidase (Janes, S. M., Palcic, M. M., Scaman, C. H., Smith, A. J., Brown, D. E., Dooley, D. M., Mure, M., and Klinman, J. P. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 12147-12154), it was found to be fully contained in the human kidney amiloride-binding protein. Examination of amiloride binding to bovine serum amine oxidase and porcine kidney diamine oxidase reveals dissociation constants of 196 and 9.1 microM, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicate that the cDNA isolated for human kidney amiloride-binding protein encodes a human kidney diamine oxidase. Two oligonucleotides, based on the tryptic peptide XI and active-site peptide of bovine serum amine oxidase, were used to amplify a portion of cDNA from a commercial bovine liver cDNA library through the use of the polymerase chain reaction. A full-length clone (2.7 kilobase pairs) for bovine serum amine oxidase was subsequently obtained through screening of the same cDNA library with the amplified 0.7-kilobase pair cDNA. These studies provide the first primary sequences for a mammalian cellular and serum copper amine oxidase. Computer alignment of amine oxidase cDNA-derived protein sequences reveals three conserved histidine residues, which are likely to be ligands to copper.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1990

Hypertension and renal failure in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.

The cause of hypertension in this patient with tuberous sclerosis appeared to be the result of volume expansion due to renal failure. Renal insufficiency was presumably caused by extensive replacement of renal parenchyma with angiomyolipomas, resulting in compression and distortion of the renal parenchyma. Noninvasive imaging techniques were the most useful for characterizing the extent of the disease. It is clearly important to monitor renal function and blood pressure of patients with tuberous sclerosis as they grow older.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Liver metastases: detection with MR imaging at 0.5 and 1.5 T.

Nineteen patients with known liver metastases were examined with two magnetic resonance (MR) pulse sequences at 0.5 T and three pulse sequences at 1.5 T. In addition, the patients were studied with computed tomography (CT) enhanced with ethiodized oil emulsion-13 (EOE-13). At 0.5 T a spin-echo (SE) 300/22 (repetition time/echo time, msec) sequence prospectively demonstrated 92.4% of the detectable liver metastases, while an SE 2,000/80 sequence showed 52.1% of the lesions. At 1.5 T, an SE 300/25 sequence depicted 68.3% and an SE 2,000/80 sequence 71.6%, while the more T1-weighted inversion recovery (IR) 2,000/600 (repetition time/inversion time, msec) sequence demonstrated 89.5% of the lesions. EOE-13 CT scans depicted 93.3%. These findings suggest that T1-weighted imaging is as successful at demonstrating liver metastases at 1.5 T with an IR 2,000/600 sequence as at 0.5 T with an SE 300/22 sequence. At both field strengths, MR imaging of the liver is comparable to state-of-the-art CT.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Radiographic manifestations of cardiac sarcoid.

On the basis of autopsy series, the incidence of direct cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis has been estimated to be 20%-27%. It may be recognized clinically when patients with known systemic sarcoidosis present with arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, or cardiomyopathy. Various radiographic manifestations of cardiac sarcoid, including cardiomegaly, pericardial effusion, and left ventricular aneurysm, are described in four patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous lithotripsy of staghorn calculi.

Eleven cases of staghorn calculi managed by percutaneous lithotripsy were reviewed. Ten of 11 cases were successful, and 70% of the successfully treated patients were discharged free of any renal stones. The percentage of patients discharged with residual stone fragments was higher than those with either percutaneously managed nondendritic calculi or surgically treated staghorn calculi. The complication rate was higher than for nonbranched stones managed percutaneously and was comparable to that for surgically removed dendritic calculi. Hospital stay averaged 18 days, equal to that for staghorn calculi treated by conventional surgical approach, but considerably longer than for nonbranched stones. Overall results more closely approximated those for surgical removal of staghorn calculi than those for percutaneous removal of nonbranched calculi. However, the principal advantage of percutaneous lithotripsy of staghorn calculi over surgical management is the significant reduction in convalescence after discharge from the hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Uterus didelphys with unilateral imperforate vagina: a rare cause of acute urinary retention.

The first case is reported of acute urinary retention caused by hematocolpos owing to uterus didelphys with a unilateral imperforate vagina. A brief description of this rare anomaly and its usual presenting signs and symptoms is presented. Finally, a synopsis of the embryologic defects responsible for the development of the anomaly and the recommended management of the disorder are outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT detection of typhlitis.

A case of typhlitis (neutropenic colitis) is reported in which the initial diagnosis was suggested by CT. Radiologists performing CT should be aware of this potentially lethal complication of leukemia, which may appear as a clinically unsuspected finding on CT.

Adult↗