PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G W Bates

Publications and source records attributed to G W Bates.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

MCMI-II personality disorders in recent-onset bipolar disorders.

This study investigated the personality disorders of 21 recent-onset Bipolar Disorder patients using the revised Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II; Millon, 1987). Personality disorder assessments, conducted after patients' clinical symptoms had settled, indicated that 17 patients received at least one MCMI-II personality disorder diagnosis with a trend toward multiple diagnoses. Narcissistic, Antisocial, and Histrionic personality disorders were diagnosed most frequently and were the scales most elevated. Schizoid and Compulsive personality disorders were the scales least elevated. Diagnostic concordance between the MCMI-II and the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality (SIDP; Pfohl, Stangl, & Zimmerman, 1983) was poor; the MCMI-II made more multiple diagnoses. Implications of the discrepancies between these instruments and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Leadership qualities of obstetrics and gynecology department chairmen of United States medical schools.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine leadership qualities, preparation for leadership, and perceptions of skills needed for academic leaders in obstetrics and gynecology. STUDY DESIGN: Chairmen and acting chairmen of the 122 United States medical schools with residency training programs in obstetrics and gynecology were surveyed about the stated objectives of the study. Differences in proportions were analyzed by means of the chi 2 test; the Student t test was used to compare mean ranks. RESULTS: Information was obtained from 98 (80.3%) of those surveyed. Interpersonal skills and knowledge of the specialty were identified as most important qualities leading to appointment; financial management skills were identified as most frequently lacking. Having a mentor prior to appointment was found to be associated with several characteristics. Those chairmen who had mentors were more likely to have these characteristics: (1) to have completed a subspecialty fellowship, (2) to command a larger departmental budget (greater than $4 million), (3) to have been a board examiner before appointment, and (4) to have received support in obtaining their appointment from recognized leaders in the specialty. CONCLUSION: Current academic leaders in obstetrics and gynecology must identify and prepare protégés (protégées) for future leadership roles.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

Outcome of corticotropin stimulation testing in women with androgen excess and ovulatory dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate women with clinical signs or chemical evidence of androgen excess by corticotropin stimulation testing. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-six women with evidence of androgen excess were evaluated by corticotropin stimulation testing. Results were examined by plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and testosterone. Conception in those infertile women with androgen excess was also assessed. Data were evaluated with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of 41 women with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels greater than 2.8 micrograms/ml, 17 (41.5%) had a positive corticotropin stimulation test (stimulated 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone value exceeded baseline value by 2.7 times). No statistically significant association was found between androstenedione or testosterone excess and a positive corticotropin stimulation test. In 14 infertile women with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels greater than 2.8 micrograms/ml and a positive corticotropin stimulation test, 7 (50%) conceived when given low-dose prednisone (p less than 0.005). CONCLUSION: Corticotropin stimulation testing is warranted in women with clinical signs of androgen excess and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels greater than 2.8 micrograms/ml.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1991

Diagnosing personality disorders in psychiatric inpatients.

This study investigated assumptions made by DSM-III and DSM-III-R regarding Axis I-Axis II associations and sex differences for the 11 personality disorders (PD). A total of 112 patients formed 4 Axis I diagnostic groups: recent-onset schizophrenia (n = 35); recent-onset mania (n = 26); unipolar affective disorder (n = 30); and a mixed diagnostic group (n = 21). The prevalence of PD was determined using the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP). Schizophrenia was associated with antisocial PD and schizotypal PD; manic disorder was associated with histrionic PD; and unipolar affective disorder was associated with borderline, dependent and avoidant PD. Some of these results were consistent with DSM-III/DSM-III-R postulates. However, there was little support for the DSM-III/DSM-III-R statements on sex differences in the prevalence of PD, except for antisocial PD. The implications of the results for DSM-III/DSM-III-R assumptions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The female reproductive cycle: new variations on an old theme.

Understanding the female reproductive cycle is the essence of the practice of reproductive medicine. This article reviews important publications that shine new light on the female reproductive cycle. Menstrual dysfunction can begin at adolescence and persist throughout the reproductive years. Adolescent women with menstrual dysfunction should be evaluated and treated. Approximately 30% of pregnancies terminate in abortion during the first trimester. New epidemiologic data on the etiology of spontaneous abortion are reviewed. Advancing age is associated with a decline in fecundity. Delay in childbearing and advances in assisted reproductive technologies have enabled reproductive endocrinologists to better understand the effects of advancing age on reproductive function. The most important paper that we received supports the timing of breast cancer to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. There was a statistically significant increase in 10-year survival in women who had surgery during the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

Linear DNA introduced into carrot protoplasts by electroporation undergoes ligation and recircularization.

The integrated DNA in stable transformants formed by direct gene transfer often shows complex restriction patterns. One cause of these complex restriction patterns could be the ligation of plasmid fragments prior to their integration. This paper provides evidence for the ligation of plasmid fragments by plant cells. Carrot protoplasts were electroporated in the presence of pCaMVCATM and assayed for chloramphenicol actyltransferase (CAT) activity 24 h later. Linear and supercoiled forms of pCaMVCATM supported similar levels of CAT expression. Surprisingly, digestion of the plasmid at a site between the CaMV 35S promoter and the CAT coding region reduced expression by only 40-50%. Electroporation carried out in the presence of isolated plasmid fragments suggested that this result was due to ligation of the linearized plasmid by the protoplasts. CAT expression was obtained with a mixture of isolated CaMV 35S promoter and the CAT coding region; neither fragment alone supported expression. Further evidence of ligation was provided by electroporation of protoplasts in the presence of a mixture of linearized pGEM and the 1.5-kb Hind III fragment of pCaMVCATM. DNA isolated from nuclei of the protoplasts was used to transform competent cells of Escherichia coli, and colonies were recovered that carried pGEM with Hind III-CaMVCAT inserts. Electroporation of protoplasts in the presence of linear and supercoiled pGEM and use of DNA isolated from nuclei to transform E. coli yielded an estimate of the frequency of plasmid ligation. A maximum of only 4% of the input linear DNA was recovered as circular molecules. This result suggests the frequency of ligation is low, but examination of the plasmid DNA in the plant nuclei by electrophoresis indicates extensive degradation of the plasmid and preferential loss of the circular forms. Thus, the ligated plasmids may be converted to the linear form and hence rendered unrecoverable by cloning into E. coli.

Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase↗
PubMed1990

Chromosomal analysis of Nicotiana asymmetric somatic hybrids by dot blotting and in situ hybridization.

A species-specific, dispersed repetitive DNA sequence was cloned from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and used in dot blots and in situ hybridizations to analyze asymmetric somatic hybrids of N. tabacum(+)kanamycin-resistant N. plumbaginifolia. Dot blot hybridization data, using the cloned, species-specific repetitive DNA as a probe, showed that some of the hybrids contain only 1%-5% N. plumbaginifolia DNA, whereas others contain 15%-25%. In situ hybridization of the probe to chromosome spreads showed that the extremely asymmetric hybrids retain a single N. plumbaginifolia chromosome; the hybrids with higher dot blot values were found to have 8 to 12 N. plumbaginifolia chromosomes and chromosome fragments. In situ hybridization also revealed translocations between N. plumbaginifolia and N. tabacum chromosomes in 3 of 8 hybrids studied. RFLP analysis using a 5S gene probe showed the presence of N. plumbaginifolia-specific 5S banding patterns in most hybrids examined, including those that retain only a single N. plumbaginifolia chromosome.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of articulated thoughts in social anxiety: modification of the ATSS procedure.

In the present study an assessment strategy was developed which adapted the Articulated Thoughts during Simulated Situations (ATSS) paradigm devised by Davison, Robins & Johnson (1983). That strategy was applied to the assessment of social anxiety. Responses of 10 socially anxious and 10 non-anxious males were compared as they imagined themselves participating in videotaped simulations of heterosocial interactions. Each time the subject was aware of a reaction to the events depicted, he stopped the videotape, and then articulated his thoughts. Consistent with cognitive conceptualizations of social anxiety, the articulated thoughts of anxious males were distinguished by a greater focus upon the self in general and by a concentration upon irrational concerns in particular. In contrast, non-anxious males provided larger proportions of thoughts directed towards the environment and in particular, provided more positive thoughts both about other persons and their interactions in general. The theoretical and methodological implications of the data are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical manifestations of hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle.

The human female reproductive cycle is the result of repeated interactions--giving positive and negative feedback--of pituitary gonadotropic hormones and ovarian sex steroid hormones. If any of the pituitary or ovarian hormones becomes tonically elevated or suppressed, ovulation will cease. The charge to the clinician in evaluating disorders of ovulation is to determine which hormone(s) is tonically elevated or suppressed. Sex steroid hormones exert effects on their target tissues that can be observed directly. These changes aid the clinician in evaluating disorders of ovulation and establishing which hormone(s) is tonically elevated or suppressed. Changes in thermoregulation can be detected by the basal body temperature record. Changes in the vagina can be detected by cytologic examination. Changes in the endometrium can be observed by obtaining a biopsy specimen for histologic examination. Premenstrual molimina suggest to the woman and her clinician that ovulation has occurred. Utilization of these changes in clinical practice aids the clinician in making a specific diagnosis of the cause of anovulation and in developing a treatment plan. Moreover, when the woman is aware of these clinical changes, it makes her a more involved participant in her health care.

Female↗
PubMed1989

The displacement of copper by iron at the specific binding sites of ovotransferrin.

We have examined the kinetics and mechanism by which iron can displace copper at the specific metal-binding sites of ovotransferrin. Fe2+ was added to Cu2+-ovotransferrin-CO3(2-) in the presence of NaHCO3 and ambient O2. The reaction has been followed by standard and stopped-flow spectrophotometry, EPR spectroscopy and analysis of chromogen-reactive Fe2+. The reaction is best described as triphasic. An initial jump in absorbance takes place in the first 2 s. In the next minute there is a further increase in absorbance and shift in the spectral maximum from 440 to 446 nm. The third phase is complex. The bulk of the spectrophotometric change, a decrease in absorbance with a shift to a maximum of 453 nm, lasts approx. 3 min. Minor spectral and EPR changes, however, take place over the next several hours. Chromogenic analysis of Fe2+ indicates that approx. 1 min is required to oxidize the Fe2+. EPR spectra reveal the formation of an Fe3+-ovotransferrin complex within the first 20 s; however, this lacks the characteristic doublet of specific Fe3+-ovotransferrin-CO3(2-). The simultaneous presence of specific Cu2+-ovotransferrin-CO3(2-) and Fe3+-ovotransferrin-CO3(2-) signals suggests a period in which the protein specifically binds both metal ions perhaps resulting from a differential reactivity of the two metal-binding sites. The addition of Cu(NO3)2 to Fe3+-ovotransferrin-CO3(2-) resulted in a complex with specific Fe3+ and non-specific Cu2+. The EPR spectrum of this complex and the final product of our displacement reaction were virtually identical. Distinct parallels in reaction of Cu2+-ovotransferrin-CO3(2-) with Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2, Fe(NO3)3 and Fe3+-nitrilotriacetic acid were observed. A reaction sequence involving the binding and oxidation of non-specific Fe2+ followed by Cu2+ displacement by Fe3+ at the specific sites and binding of non-specific Cu2+ is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The influence of inorganic anions on the formation and stability of Fe3+-transferrin-anion complexes.

Harris (Biochemistry 24 (1985) 7412) reports that inorganic anions bind to human apotransferrin in such a way as to perturb the ultraviolet spectrum. The locus of binding is thought to involve the specific metal/anion-binding sites since no perturbation is observed with Fe3+-transferrin-CO3(2-). Paradoxically, we were unable to demonstrate the formation of Fe3+-transferrin-inorganic anion complexes despite the presence of high concentrations of SO4(2-), H2PO4-, Cl-, ClO4- or NO3-. Similar results were found for human lactoferrin. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and visible spectrophotometry were used to monitor the results. An attempt to form the H2PO4- complex by displacement of glycine from Fe3+-transferrin-glycine resulted only in the disruption of the ternary complex. A series of inorganic anions varied in their ability to release iron from Fe3+-transferrin-CO3(2-) at pH 5.5, the approximate pH of endosomes where iron release takes place within cells. The order of effectiveness was H2P2O7(2-) much greater than H2PO4- greater than SO4(2-) greater than NO3- greater than Cl- greater than ClO4-. The rate of iron removal from Fe3+-transferrin-CO3(2-) at pH 5.5 by a 4-fold excess of pyrophosphate was greatly enhanced by physiological NaCl concentration. Iron removal was complete within 10 min, the approximate time for iron release from Fe3+-transferrin-CO3(2-) in developing erythroid cells. Thus, inorganic anions may have a significant effect on the release of iron under physiological conditions despite the fact that such inorganic anions cannot act as synergistic anions. The results are discussed in relation to a special role for the carboxylate group in allowing ternary complex formation.

Anions↗