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Biomedical subjects

G W Brumley

Publications and source records attributed to G W Brumley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Activities of the initial enzymes of glycerolipid and sphingolipid synthesis in lung microsomes from rats exposed to air or 85% oxygen.

Lungs of adult rats exposed to 85% oxygen undergo extensive cellular reorganization; therefore, to investigate changes in lipid metabolism the initial enzymes of glycerolipid and sphingolipid synthesis were measured in lung microsomes. After 1 week of O2 treatment, the specific activity of the glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase increased to nearly twice that of the controls and remained elevated for the 3 weeks of study. Serine palmitoyl-transferase activities were approximately the same for both groups. These results suggest that in addition to cellular proliferation caused by hyperoxia there are also selective changes in glycerolipid synthesis, which may explain the decreased sphingomyelin content of lung and lamellar bodies.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1981

Rat lung surfactant kinetics biochemical and morphometric correlation.

Biochemical and morphometric techniques were combined to estimate the distribution and flux or rat lung disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in surfactant pathways. We found 126 +/- 8 X 10(6) alveolar epithelial type II (AEP II) cells per lung, each containing 150 +/- 30 lamellar bodies (LB). High yields of LB were isolated by centrifugation of lung homogenates with a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. Measurement of DSPC in LB and alveolar lavage (LV) material demonstrated that only 30% (LB 14%, LV 16%) of lung DSPC was present in these surfactant compartments. Radiolabeling of lung DSPC with [14C]palmitate demonstrated a product-precursor-relationship between LB and LV and a surfactant-associated DSPC flux of 90 microgram-lung-1 X h-1. We conclude that, although only 16% of lung DSPC is in an intracellular surfactant pathway at any time, all this DSPC is ultimately secreted onto the alveolar surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Fetal lamb lung phosphatidylcholine: response to asphyxia and recovery.

Acute fetal asphyxia resulting from maternal blood loss and hypotension causes a reduction in the incorporation of precursors into disaturated phosphatidylcholine, the principal lipid in the pulmonary surfactant. Treatment of the maternal hypotension is associated with return of fetal lung DSPC synthesis to control levels by 72 hours.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed1980

Radiological observations during transpyloric tube feeding in infants of low birth weight. Perforation of the duodenum and variations in normal duodenal anatomy.

Perforation of the duodenum is a serious complication of transpyloric tube feeding in infants of low birth weight. Polyvinyl chloride and (less commonly) silicone tubes have been implicated. Altered radiographic configuration of the tube in the region of the superior or inferior flexure, associated with clinical deterioration, pneumoperitoneum, peritonitis, or a retroperitoneal fistula, is diagnostic of duodenal perforation. The configuration of the tube may vary during uncomplicated transpyloric alimentation and is frequently incompatible with the expected anatomical course. Contrast examination may demonstrate normal anatomy or mobility of the distal duodenal loop as an adaptation to rigidity of the tube. The possibility of perforation appears to be increased at or adjacent to the flexures.

Duodenal Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Disaturated phosphatidylcholine in rat lungs with altered numbers of type II alveolar epithelial cells.

Rats exposed to 85 per cent oxygen for 9 days demonstrated an increase in lung deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) specific acitvity for [3H]-thymidine and a significant increase in the volume of interstitial and alveolar epithelial cells. This included a 63 per cent increase in the number of Type II alveolar epithelial cells. Lamellar body volume per lung significantly increased in animals exposed to oxygen and was related to the increased number of Type II cells, because lamellar body volume expressed per Type II cell remained relatively constant and was comparable to control values. The concentration of whole lung disaturated phosphatidylcholine also increased significantly, but the concentration of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine did not increase. Concomitantly, there was a significant decrease in [32P]-orthophosphate and [14C]-palmitate disaturated phosphatidylcholine specific activity that was proportional to the increased number of alveolar epithelial Type II cells present.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Amniotic fluid cortisol in normal and diabetic pregnant women and its relation to respiratory disease in the neonate.

One hundred and thirty samples of amniotic fluid from normal and diabetic pregnant women were analyzed for cortisol concentration. In normal pregnancies, cortisol was present in low concentrations until 35 weeks' gestation, followed by a sharp rise at 36 weeks and a continued upward trend to 39 weeks. The rise after 35 weeks was delayed or absent in many patients with diabetes. In the combined population, the incidence of respiratory disease with a lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio greater than or equal to 2 was 26 per cent if the amniotic fluid cortisol was less than 4.3 microgram per 100 ml. and 2.9 per cent if the cortisol concentration was greater than or equal to 4.3 microgram per 100 ml.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Neonatal pneumonia associated with medium-chain triglyceride feeding supplement.

The appearance of a similar pattern of multifocal pulmonary consolidation in four neonates receiving undiluted medium-chain triglyceride oil suggested a cause-and-effect relationship. This was supported by the demonstration in rabbits that the transtracheal injection of MCTO caused severe pneumonia. It is suggested that MCTO be mixed with formula before it is given to neonates.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Whole and disaturated lung phosphatidylcholine in cortisol-treated, intrauterine growth-retarded and twin control lambs at different gestational ages.

Lambs 116--124 days gestation infused in utero for 75 h with cortisol showed, when compared to twin controls, more mature lung histology and pressure-volume relationships. 32P orthophosphate incorporation into whole lung phosphatidylcholine (PC) was increased in the four cortisol-treated lambs at 116--117 days but not at 121, 123, and 124 days gestation. 14C palmitate incorporation into PC or disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) was not enhanced at 116--117 days gestation. At 121 days in a cortisol-treated and at 128 days in a growth-retarded lamb fetus not treated with cortisol, a larger quantity of DSPC was present although the incorporation of 14C palmitate into DSPC per milligram DNA was the same. This indicated that the synthesis of DSPC had been initiated in the cortisol-treated and growth-retarded animals prior to the controls and at the time of sacrifice both were incorporating 14C palmitate at a similar rate suggesting similar rates of synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Recurrence of skin disease in a nursery: ineffectuality of hexachlorophene bathing.

An outbreak of streptococcal and staphylococcal skin disease was discovered in a full-term nursery after the discontinuation of bathing infants with hexachlorophene. The epidemic was only temporarily controlled by conventional means and recurred despite reinstitution of hexachlorophene bathing. Measures that decreased infants' exposure to visitors and hospital personnel and enforced aseptic techniques in the nursery were more important than use of hexachlorophene soap in achieving and maintaining control.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗