Biomedical subjects

G W Graham

Publications and source records attributed to G W Graham.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Perioperative management of selected endocrine disorders.

Anesthesiologists routinely encounter patients with endocrine disorders. Good perioperative outcome depends on preoperative identification, risk stratification and optimization of the patients' endocrinopathies and their sequelae; intraoperative control of metabolic and physiological parameters; and appropriate postoperative pain management, stress modulation, and evaluation of neurological, cardiovascular, and renal function.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗

PubMed1996

Prenatal diagnosis by enzyme analysis in 15 pregnancies at risk for the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Fifteen pregnancies at risk for Lesch-Nyhan syndrome were investigated between 8 and 17 weeks' gestation by measurement of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) enzyme activities in chorionic villus samples (cultured and uncultured) or in cultured amniotic fluid cells. Ten pregnancies had normal enzyme levels and a normal outcome while a further two predicted to be normal miscarried later in the pregnancy. Three pregnancies had low levels of residual HGPRT activity in chorionic villi. Comparable levels of residual activity in the index case in two pregnancies and in cells from the abortus in the third case confirmed that the pregnancies were affected.

Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase↗

PubMed1992

Variation in the levels of pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein in maternal serum from chromosomally abnormal pregnancies.

Human pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (SP1) was assayed retrospectively in stored maternal serum (MS) samples from 82 chromosomally abnormal pregnancies and 377 matched controls. The median MSSP1 concentration in 48 Down's syndrome pregnancies was significantly elevated at 1.17 multiples of the control median (MOM), and significantly reduced (0.5 MOM) in a group of eight cases of unbalanced translocations. There was no significant difference in median SP1 concentrations in cases of trisomy 18, trisomy 13, balanced translocations, or sex chromosome abnormalities. A comparison with human chorionic gonadotrophin results in the same series of samples indicates that SP1 is a less sensitive predictor of Down's syndrome pregnancies.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗

PubMed1989

Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and autosomal trisomies.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity have been analysed in amniotic fluid from a series of 65 pregnancies with autosomal trisomies. AFP values were reduced on average to 60 per cent of normal in cases of trisomy 21, but were not significantly different from normal in cases of trisomies 18 and 13. GGT activities were uniformly lower (44 per cent of normal) for all types of autosomal trisomy. A review of the literature indicates that over 85 per cent of Down's pregnancies but only 39 per cent of trisomy 18 and 13 pregnancies have amniotic fluid AFP levels below the normal median value, while the corresponding figures for GGT are 91 per cent for Down's syndrome and 96 per cent for trisomies 18 and 13.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed1978

Plasma noradrenaline concentrations during isometric exercise.

Blood was collected simultaneously from the left ventricle and pulmonary artery in 12 patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterisation and was analysed for noradrenaline concentrations at rest, during, and after isometric stress (hand grip). Moderate isometric exercise resulted in a significant rise in plasma noradrenaline with a return to basal values 10 minutes after discontinuing the grip test. There were no significant differences in noradrenaline levels between the left ventricular and pulmonary arterial samples either at rest or during exercise. Three patients with evident left ventricular dysfunction had the highest plasma noradrenaline concentrations, in contrast to the much lower levels in 2 patients on beta-blockers and in 1 patient with a normal heart. As moderate isometric effort results in an important increase in noradrenaline level, this form of exercise could be dangerous in subjects suffering from ischaemic heart disease or in those with impaired left ventricular function since these patients are particularly susceptible to arrhythmias.

Adult↗

PubMed1975