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Biomedical subjects

G W Lam

Publications and source records attributed to G W Lam.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Surgical strategy in treatment of renal tumor complicated by tumor thrombosis in inferior vena cava].

INTRODUCTION: In Denmark 650 renal cell carcinoma cases are diagnosed every year, and in 5-9% of the cases there is spread of the tumour in the form of tumour thrombosis in the inferior vena cava inferior. AIM: The purpose of this work is to describe the methods and outcome of operation regarding patients with such tumour thrombosis. According to the literature, the survival of these patients is not reduced provided there are no metastases to regional glands nor any distant metastases. METHODS: We describe 13 cases operated in the urological ward at Rigshospitalet (the Danish national hospital) during a nine-year period. RESULTS: In all 13 cases radical nephrectomy was performed and the tumour thrombus removed. In three cases the thrombus stretched into the right atrium, and the operations on these patients were performed in extra-corporal circulation. In one case the operation was performed in veno-venous bypass. There were two peri-operative deaths; one patient died during the operation from uncontrollable bleeding, the other on the ninth postoperative day. In both cases the thrombus stretched into the atrium. There were minor complications in three out of the remaining 11 cases, and in the last eight cases there were no complications. The two year survival was estimated at 50%. CONCLUSION: On the basis the literature and our own results we recommend that patients with kidney tumour and tumour thrombus in the inferior vena cava are evaluated with a view to operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Do surgical procedures contribute to women's risk of developing urinary incontinence?].

In a cross-sectional study, 85% of 3114 women responded to a questionnaire on urinary incontinence and a history of abdominal, gynaecological and urological surgery. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 17%; 63% had undergone surgery, mainly gynaecological, and almost one-third of the respondents had had more than one operation. Bivariate and multivariate analysis showed stress urinary incontinence to be associated with previous exposure to surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Endothelial cyst in the adrenal gland].

Suprarenal cysts are rare. A case of a 3.5 l cyst incidentally discovered in a 30 year old woman is described. Operative treatment is recommended in order to avoid spontaneous rupture and to exclude malignancy. Endothelial origin can be established by a specific immunohistochemical staining, factor VIII antibody.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Association between urinary incontinence in women and a previous history of surgery.

In a cross-sectional study, 85% of 3114 women responded to a questionnaire on urinary incontinence and a history of abdominal, gynaecological and urological surgery. In 1987 the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 17%; 63% had undergone surgery, mainly gynaecological, and almost one-third of the respondents had had more than one operation. Bivariate and multivariate analysis showed stress urinary incontinence to be associated with previous exposure to surgery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Parity as a correlate of adult female urinary incontinence prevalence.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the possible association between parity, as indicated by the number of childbirths, and prevalence of urinary incontinence in an adult female population sample. DESIGN AND SETTING: A sample of 3114 women aged 30-59 years was selected at random from the population of Aarhus, Denmark, and mailed a self administered questionnaire on urinary incontinence and, among other things, parity. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2631 questionnaires was returned (85%) with a slight but significant decrease in respondency by age. MAIN RESULTS: The 1987 urinary incontinence period prevalence was 17%. Seventy eight percent were parous, and 24% had had three or more childbirths. In women aged 30-44 years, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was found to be associated with parity and, in women aged 45 years and more, with three or more childbirths. In parous women 30-44 years of age, the prevalence of urinary incontinence increased with age at least childbirth and, in women aged 45 years and over, it increased with increasing parity but decreased with increasing age at first childbirth. In parous women, no association was found with time since last childbirth. Among clinical types of urinary incontinence, stress incontinence consistently showed the strongest associations with indicators of parity. In women aged 30-44 years, nearly two thirds of the 1987 prevalence of stress incontinence could be attributed to parity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that pregnancy and childbirth are potent causes of female urinary incontinence, so that they exert considerable impact on the level of population urinary incontinence prevalence. In the individual woman, the effect seems to be cumulative and long lasting but fades with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Social context, social abstention, and problem recognition correlated with adult female urinary incontinence.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe types of social contexts and abstention from social activity in women reporting urinary incontinence (UI); to identify social contexts and social abstention specifically associated with clinical UI subtypes; to relate clinical type of UI, social context and social abstention to individual problem perception. DESIGN AND SETTING: A self-administered postal questionnaire was sent to a random population sample comprising 3,114 women aged 30-59 in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark. RESPONDERS: A total of 2,631 women (84.5%) responded with a slight decrease in response rate by age. The present study group consists of 511 women (19.4% of the responders) who reported period prevalent UI for at least one of the years 1985-1987. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of the study group members reported stress UI and 50% urge UI, so that 42% had both (mixed stress and urge UI) and 6% none of them (unspecific UI). Forty-six percent indicated the workplace and 66% the home as principal sites of UI occurrence. Thirty-one percent had experienced UI in specific situations such as during anxiety, sexual intercourse, or sleep. Nineteen percent had abstained from social activities, 17% from non-intimate social activity and 6% from sexual intercourse. Fourteen percent perceived UI as a social problem and 60% as a hygienic problem. Indicators of stress UI were associated with UI occurring at the work-place and during sexual intercourse which, in turn, both were correlates of abstention from non-intimate social activity. Urge UI was associated with episodes of UI occurring at home and in specific situations such as during anxiety and sleep. The experience of UI during sexual intercourse was related to all types of abstention. The perception of UI as a social or hygienic problem depended on the duration since first UI episode as well as social context and abstention. CONCLUSIONS: The everyday life consequences of UI are widespread and may cause serious relational problems for the individual. Stress UI manifests itself as a somatic condition leading to abstention from sport and other non-intimate social activities. Urge UI and the role of the experience of UI during sexual intercourse should be further investigated also from psycho-somatic and psycho-social coping points of view.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1991

Effect of substance P on right colonic pressure: a dose response study in pigs.

The purpose of the present investigation was to elucidate the influence and mechanism of the action of substance P (SP) upon intraluminal pressure in proximal porcine colon. In 9 pigs, SP was infused intra-arterially in varying doses from 0.5 to 160 ng/kg/min. Mean baseline colonic pressure was 8.9 mm Hg increasing in a dose-dependent manner to 34.6 mm Hg at an SP dose of 40 ng/kg/min. Hereafter, the colonic pressure remained constant. In other series, SP infusion (5-80 ng/kg) was preceded by infusion of hexamethonium (0.5 mg/kg/min, continuous i.v.; n = 7), atropine (0.01 mg/kg/30 min, i.v.; n = 6), by naloxone (0.01 mg/kg/15 min, i.a.; n = 5) or tetrodotoxin (1 microgram/kg/h, i.a.; n = 7). Atropine significantly inhibited the effect of SP on colonic pressure, whereas the other blockers were without influence on the SP-induced colonic pressure. It is concluded that SP has a potent dose-dependent stimulatory effect upon right colonic intraluminal activity of the pig, mediated partly by atropine-sensitive receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Urinary incontinence in women aged 30-59 years. An epidemiological study].

Among the female population of Aarhus Municipality, Denmark, 3,114 women were drawn at random and sent a postal questionnaire about the occurrence of urinary incontinence (UI) in adult life. The response rate was 85%. 26% of the respondents had experienced one or more episodes of UI in adult life. 14% had perceived UI as a social or hygienic problem cf. the UI definition of The International Continence Society. The mean 1987 period prevalence was observed to be 17% (ICS defined UI, 10%). UI incidence rose with increasing age, especially in age groups 25-29 and 45-49 years. By the age of 59, 30% had experienced UI (ICS defined UI, 18%). Pure stress UI and combined stress and urge UI were the most frequent clinical types.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Descriptive epidemiology of urinary incontinence in 3,100 women age 30-59.

3,114 women were randomly selected among the 30-59 years old female inhabitants of the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, and mailed a questionnaire on experience of urinary incontinence (UI) through adult life. Eighty-five % responded, and 26% reported to have experienced UI in adult life. Fourteen % had perceived it a social of hygienic problem, in accordance with the International Continence Society (ICS) definition. The total period prevalence year 1987 and the period prevalence according to the ICS definition were found to be 17 and 10%, respectively. The estimated incidence of UI increased with age, especially through ages 25-29 and 45-49. By the age of 59, 30 and 18% were estimated to have had one or more episodes of UI in general and ICS defined UI, respectively. Pure stress UI and combined stress and urge UI seemed to be the predominant clinical types.

Adult↗