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Biomedical subjects

G W Li

Publications and source records attributed to G W Li.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Treatment of short gut syndrome with early living related small bowel transplantation.

AIM: To investigate the results of treating short bowel syndrome with an early living related small bowel transplantation (SBT). METHODS: A 17-year-old boy with a 20-cm-long residual intestine due to necrotic volvulus received an early living related SBT from his mother. Donor-specific blood transfusion was performed for 8 weeks before transplantation, each time for 50 mL every week. Cytomegalovirus status in both donor and recipient was negative. A 160-cm distal ileal segment was removed from the donor. The graft ilecolic artery and vein were anastomosed to the recipient's infrarenal aorta and caval vein. The proximal end of the graft was anastomosed end-to-end to the residual recipient jejunum; the distal anastomosis, between the distal end of the graft and transverse colon. An ileostomy was also performed. Immunosuppression, infection prophylaxis, and antithrombotic and nutrition support were given postoperatively. RESULTS: The donor had an uneventful recovery. No technical complications were observed. The recipient was alive and well at 31 weeks after the operation. No graft rejection or infection was observed. He was off TPN 8 weeks after the operation and took low-fat food. The D-xylose test in the recipient was almost normal. CONCLUSIONS: Early living related small intestine transplantation is a good treatment for short bowel syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Use of biological activated carbon to treat mixed gas of toluene and benzene in biofilter.

The biodegradation of toluene and benzene in a biofilter filled with cylindrical activated carbon was studied. Three various gaseous flow rates, i.e. 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 m3 h(-1), corresponding to empty bed gas residences of 75, 37.5 and 25 s, respectively, and total organic load lower than 400 g m(-1) h(-1) were tested. The biofilter proved to be highly efficient in biodegradations of toluene and benzene, and toluene was more easily degraded than benzene. When each inlet load of toluene and benzenewas lower than 150 g m(-3) h(-1), removal rate increased with inlet loads and reached maximum values of 150 and 120 g m(-3) h(-1) for toluene and benzene, respectively. For inlet load higher than the maximum removal capacity conditions, the removal rate decreased with inlet load. The carbon dioxide concentration profile through the biofilter revealed that the mass ratios of carbon dioxide produced to the toluene and benzene removed were 2.15 g CO2 g(-1) toluene and 1.67 g CO2 g(-1) benzene. Model predictions for toluene, benzene and carbon dioxide concentration gradient profiles were in agreement with experimental data for the tested conditions. The observation of biotic community demonstrated that the microbes consisted of bacillus, spore bacillus and fungi, of them spore baxillus was dominant.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2002

Biological treatment characteristics of benzene and toluene in a biofilter packed with cylindrical activated carbon.

The biodegradation of toluene and benzene in a biofilter using cylindrical activated carbon as the filler materials was studied. Three gas low rates, i.e. 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 m3/h, corresponding to empty bed gas residence of 75, 37.5 and 25 s, respectively, and total organic load lower than 400 g/m3 x h were tested. The biofilter proved to be highly efficient in biodegradation of toluene and benzene, and toluene was more easily degraded than benzene. When each inlet load was lower than 150 g/m3 x h, removal rate increased with inlet load and reached a maximum, which was 150 and 120 g/m(-3) x h for toluene and benzene, respectively. For inlet load higher than the maximum removal capacity conditions, the removal rate decreased with inlet load. Carbon dioxide concentration profile through the biofilter revealed that the mass ratios of carbon dioxide produced to the toluene and benzene removed were 2.15 g(CO2)/g(toluene) and 1.67 g(CO2)/g(benzene), which furthermore, confirmed the biodegradation performance in biofilter. The observation of biotic community demonstrated that the microbes consisted of bacillus, spore bacillus and fungi, of which the spore bacillus was dominant.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2001

[Research progress in gene engineered antibodies].

Gene engineered antibodies(GEAs) have been applied in a lot of aspects with the great development of the technique of GEAs. The technique of GEAs such as ribosome display and phage surface display and their application progress were summarized in this review.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2001

[Effects of short interval successive partial hepatectomy on ACP, AKP, HSC70/HSP68 and PCNA in rat liver].

In this paper, the models of 36-4-4 SISPH and 4-36-36-36 SISPH were used to analyze the changes of activity and content of ACP, AKP, HSC70/HSP68 and PCNA in rat liver. The results showed that the activities of 140 kD ACP and AKP in SISPH were increased following the increase of SISPH number of times, but that of 160 kD ACP and AKP were decreased following the increase of SISPH number of times. The content of PCNA in 4-36-36-36 SISPH were more than that in 36-4-4 SISPH, in contrast for HSC70/HSP68 in these two models. Therefore, the content and activities of ACP, AKP, HSC70/HSP68 and PCNA could be strongly effected by SISPH number of times and SISPH methods. Its mechanisms and physiological significance were discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of diabetes and its risk factors in China, 1994. National Diabetes Prevention and Control Cooperative Group.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and its risk factors in the Chinese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was a population-based cross-sectional study of 224,251 residents aged 25-64 years in 19 provinces and areas, including cities and rural areas of the north, south, east, and middle part of China. RESULTS: Using the 1985 World Health Organization criteria, the prevalence of diabetes and IGT was 2.5 and 3.2%, respectively, in 213,515 subjects aged 25-64 years. Two thirds (70.3%) of the cases had newly recognized diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in China is about three times higher than it was 10 years ago. On average, subjects with diabetes are older, have higher personal annual incomes, and more often have a family history of diabetes. They also have higher mean BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and a greater prevalence of hypertension. They perform less physical activity and have less education than people with normal oral glucose tolerance test results. Multiple logistic stepwise regression analysis shows that age, BMI (or WHR), family history of diabetes, hypertension, less physical activity, and higher annual income are independent risk factors of NIDDM, and that low education is also an independent risk factor of NIDDM in people with higher personal annual income. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes in China is increasing with economic development and changes from traditional to modernized lifestyle, especially where people had lower level of education and socioeconomic development. Therefore, Chinese people should attempt to retain certain features of their traditional lifestyle (physical activity, healthy food, moderate body weight). Increased knowledge of risk factors for diabetes may help to prevent a further rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes in China.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study.

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have a high risk of developing NIDDM. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diet and exercise interventions in those with IGT may delay the development of NIDDM, i.e., reduce the incidence of NIDDM, and thereby reduce the overall incidence of diabetic complications, such as cardiovascular, renal, and retinal disease, and the excess mortality attributable to these complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 1986, 110,660 men and women from 33 health care clinics in the city of Da Qing, China, were screened for IGT and NIDDM. Of these individuals, 577 were classified (using World Health Organization criteria) as having IGT. Subjects were randomized by clinic into a clinical trial, either to a control group or to one of three active treatment groups: diet only, exercise only, or diet plus exercise. Follow-up evaluation examinations were conducted at 2-year intervals over a 6-year period to identify subjects who developed NIDDM. Cox's proportional hazard analysis was used to determine if the incidence of NIDDM varied by treatment assignment. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of diabetes at 6 years was 67.7% (95% CI, 59.8-75.2) in the control group compared with 43.8% (95% CI, 35.5-52.3) in the diet group, 41.1% (95% CI, 33.4-49.4) in the exercise group, and 46.0% (95% CI, 37.3-54.7) in the diet-plus-exercise group (P < 0.05). When analyzed by clinic, each of the active intervention groups differed significantly from the control clinics (P < 0.05). The relative decrease in rate of development of diabetes in the active treatment groups was similar when subjects were stratified as lean or overweight (BMI < or > or = 25 kg/m2). In a proportional hazards analysis adjusted for differences in baseline BMI and fasting glucose, the diet, exercise, and diet-plus-exercise interventions were associated with 31% (P < 0.03), 46% (P < 0.0005), and 42% (P < 0.005) reductions in risk of developing diabetes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Diet and/or exercise interventions led to a significant decrease in the incidence of diabetes over a 6-year period among those with IGT.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lens epithelial cell mRNA. III. Elevated expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor mRNA in galactose cataracts.

A lens epithelial (LE) cell cDNA clone, designated Clone 156, was isolated from a mature rat LE cDNA library by methods of subtractive hybridization. The cDNA sequence of Clone 156 was 521 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(T)-tail, and it encoded an open reading frame of 115 amino acids. The translated protein shared extensive sequence similarities with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from mouse lens and human T-cell lymphocytes. Northern blot hybridization showed that rat lens MIF mRNA is about 500 nucleotides in length and that its expression in mature rat lens is relatively low in comparison with that in other rat tissues. The expression of MIF mRNA in LE of normal rats and of rats treated by feeding a diet of 50% (w/w) galactose was studied by quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of MIF mRNA in a 20-day galactosemic rat LE increased twelvefold as compared to that found in control LE. From the results of this study and from what we know about the locale of epithelial cell differentiation in mature rat lenses, it is being proposed that the increase in abundance of MIF mRNA in the cataractous rat lens is correlated with the enhanced proliferation of the undifferentiated epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Lens epithelial cell mRNA, II. Expression of a mRNA encoding a lipid-binding protein in rat lens epithelial cells.

A lens epithelial (LE) cell cDNA clone, designated pLELBP, was isolated by subtraction-hybridization methods between a 4-week-old rat LE cell and rat lens fiber cell lambda ZAP cDNA libraries. The cDNA contained 683 bp, an ATG at bp 42, and an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 135 amino acids (aa), and a poly(A) signal at bp 641 (GenBank/EMBL accession No. U13253). Northern blot analysis showed that the lens mRNA was at a concentration that exceeded 100-fold that found in non-ocular tissues examined, except in skin it was found at levels equal to about 1/15 of the lens levels. In the retina, it was also found at about 1/15 of that present in the lens. By in situ hybridization analysis, the sense RNA was localized to the LE cells and to the glial cells of the retina, and negligibly to the lens fiber cells. Search of GenBank, EMBL and SwissProt data bases revealed that the LE cell mRNA and its aa encoded protein showed extensive sequence homology to members of the cytosolic lipid-binding protein (LBP) family. It matched to 91% in aa sequence homology to the protein encoded by ORF of mal1 cDNA, isolated from mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma [Krieg et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 17362-17369], and 99% in aa sequence homology to the protein encoded by ORF of rat skin LBP mRNA [Watanabe et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 200 (1994) 253-259]. Occurrence of high levels of mRNA for a specific LBP in the LE cells relative to other non-ocular tissues is consistent with a hypothesis that the encoded protein may be involved in several lens epithelial cell-specific mechanisms, possibly including differentiation, protective and nutritional processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Lens epithelial cell mRNA. I. Cloning and sequencing of a messenger RNA with a basic motif/leucine-rich domain specifically expressed in rat lens epithelial cells.

By methods of subtraction-hybridization of lambda ZAP cDNA libraries, prepared from 4-week-old rat lens epithelial cells (capsule) and lens fiber cells (decapsulated lens), we have isolated a specific cDNA clone whose target mRNA is about 600 b long. Northern blot hybridization analysis data showed that the target mRNA was preferentially expressed in the lens epithelial cells; it was not found in the retina or in non-ocular tissues. The complete sequence of the mRNA was obtained both by the 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE, 3'-RACE), and by sequencing of a clone containing the full-length cDNA insert. It contains 599 b. with an open reading frame at nucleotide (nt) 30 (ORF30). The base sequence appears to represent a complete sequence of the target mRNA, with a poly(A) signal at nt 563-569, and a poly(A) tail at nt 582 (GenBank accession #U15149). In situ hybridization showed that the target mRNA was localized in the anterior epithelial cells, and in the elongating cells in the bow region. The encoded protein of 57 amino acids (aa) contains a basic and an acidic domain. It is rich in leucine, which is located at the basic region of the ORF at every fourth aa, and at the acidic region at eight aa intervals. Therefore, there is a periodicity in the appearance of leucine residues in the deduced primary sequence, as has been seen in DNA binding proteins. Search of GenBank, EMBL and Swiss-Prot did not yield significant homology to any of the entered sequences in those databanks. Our data demonstrate that we have isolated a cDNA clone containing novel sequences specifically expressed in lens epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Radioprotective effect of gamma-harmine and its carboline analogues].

gamma-Harmine (I), harmine (II) and harmaline (III) were isolated from Peganum harmala L. (Zygophylaceae). Tests were conducted with mice to detect whether gamma-harmine (a new compound), harmine, harmol (IV) and harmalol (V) are effective radioprotective compounds against gamma-ray irradiation. Intraperitoneal injection of the hydrochlorides of the four alkaloids 50-80 mg.kg-1 X 1 in NIH male mice 30-45 minutes before 8.6-9.7 Gy whole body 60Co irradiation significantly increased the survival effects (1.33-2.61) and 30-day survival survival rate in comparison with control mice. The results indicate that gamma-harmine exhibited relatively good radioprotective effect. gamma-harmine is the first alkaloid isolated from a plant having protective effects against whole-body lethal irradiation in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Essential hypertension: a predictor of the 6 year-incidence of NIDDM in 465 non-diabetics].

The effect of essential hypertension at baseline on the development of NIDDM within 6 years was investigated in 465 Chinese nondiabetics with or without hypertension. The age, sex adjusted 6 year incidence of NIDDM in hypertensive group (BP > 18.7 +/- 12. okPa (140/90 mmHg) or treated with antihypertensives) at baseline was significantly higher than that in normotensive group (44.6%, n = 325, P < 0.05) at baseline. Multivariate regression analysis showed the hypertensive group had higher risk of worsening to diabetes compared with normotensives (OR: 1.82, 95% Ci: 1.03-3.21, P < 0.05) after the adjustment for two other important risk factors for NIDDM, the fasting plasma glucose and BMI. Further more the increasement of SBP by 20 mmHg at baseline significantly increase the risk for NIDDM in the followup period in the blood-lowering-drug-free group (OR: 1.54, 95% Ci: 1.05-2.24, P < 0.05). Thus it confirmed that hypertension at baseline was an independent predictor for NIDDM. In addition, our observation showed that some antihypertensive drugs appears also to play an unfavorable role in the occurrence of NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Impaired glucose tolerance and its relationship to ECG-indicated coronary heart disease and risk factors among Chinese. Da Qing IGT and diabetes study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of IGT and diabetes and identify the occurrence of CVD and its risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was a population-based, cross-sectional study of 110,660 residents, 25-74 yr of age of DaQing, Hei Long Jiang Province, China. RESULTS: Using 1985 WHO criteria, 577 (5.5/1000) subjects with IGT and 630 (6.0/1000) with newly diagnosed diabetes were identified. In addition, 190 (1.7/1000) with previously known diabetes were identified. Hypertension, obesity, and abnormal albumin excretion were twice as frequent in those with IGT as in 279 men and 240 women of similar age and sex distribution who had normal OGTTs. Plasma cholesterol and TGs were higher, and HDL cholesterol was lower in subjects with IGT than in nondiabetic subjects. Those with IGT had a prevalence of electrocardiographically recognized CHD 9.5-fold greater than the normoglycemic subjects. Subjects with IGT had higher plasma insulin concentrations, but the 1-h insulin-glucose ratio after the 75-g glucose load was lower. In a forward stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, IGT itself remained an independent factor associated with CHD after adjustment for age, sex, cigarette smoking, plasma cholesterol, BP, and obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, in China, IGT may occur with almost as high a frequency as diabetes and is accompanied by an increased frequency of CVD and its risk factors. Estimates from this study indicate that > 12.0% of all ECG-indicated CHD in the Da Qing population occurs in individuals with IGT and NIDDM. The IGT subjects identified in this survey form the cohort for a long-term follow-up and intervention study.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Relationship between obesity and risk factors of coronary heart disease in nondiabetics].

We analysed the data of 395 nondiabetic obese (BMI 25-42.2, impaired glucose tolerance, IGT, 257 and normal glucose tolerance, NGT, 138) and 482 nonobese subjects (BMI 15.9-24.9, IGT 170 and NGT 312). The blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride and total cholesterol in obese were higher than that in nonobese, while HDL-c level was lower after controlling for age and sex (P < 0.001). This difference remained to be significant even after the adjustment of age, sex, insulin and 2-hours plasma glucose. Therefore, it was suggested that obesity was easy of access to coronary heart disease risk factors independent of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A new insulin-sensitivity index for the population-based study].

This paper suggests a new simple insulin-sensitivity index, the reverse of fasting plasma glucose and insulin product, which is significantly correlated with the insulin-sensitivity index determined by euglycemic insulin clamp technique (insulin mediated glucose disposal rate, M value) in 320 subjects of Americans including two races (r > 0.7, P = 0.0001). The analysis of 874 cases Chinese showed that the insulin-sensitivity (IS) evaluated by this new index in Chinese was similar to that determined by insulin clamp in Americans: If the IS in subjects with normal glucose tolerance defined as 1.0, then the IS in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance in Chinese and in Americans was 0.61, 0.62 (Pima Indians), 0.71 (Caucasians) and in diabetic Chinese and Americans was 0.57 and 0.53 (Pima Indians and Caucasians) respectively. Thus, it indicated this new index is fit for the evaluation of IS in Chinese population.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Association between insulin and blood pressure in relation to the influence of body mass index].

The relationship between plasma insulin level and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was investigated by multiple linear regression procedure in 410 Chinese non-diabetics. The significant positive correlation between SBP and 2-hour plasma insulin (INS 2h) after 75g glucose load was found in the BMI (body mass index) 15.9-27.0 group (n = 287) after the adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking and plasma cholesterol (P = 0.01). However, this significant correlation was gradually diminished with the expansion of the BMI range, ie. P = 0.04 in the BMI 15.9-29.0 (n = 356) group, P = 0.07 in the BMI 15.9-31 (n = 389) group, and P = 0.12 in the BMI 15.9-33 (n = 402) group after the same adjustment of variables. Interestingly, the significant inverse correlation between insulin-BMI interaction term (product of BMI and insulin) and SBP was found (P = 0.04) in the presence of the significant positive correlation between 2-hour plasma insulin and SBP (P = 0.02) after adjustment of the above mentioned five factors in the whole group (BMI 15.9-42.2, n = 410). These results indicated that SBP is independently correlated with plasma insulin level in the studied population, and that the severer obesity may interfere the net effects of insulin on the elevating of blood pressure.

Adult↗