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Biomedical subjects

G W Patton

Publications and source records attributed to G W Patton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The performance of subcutaneously injected Fertinex when used as the sole gonadotropin for in vitro fertilization stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of Fertinex (urofollitropin; Serono Laboratories, Norwell, MA) in stimulating the development of multiple follicles and initiating subsequent pregnancy in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for IVF. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Private assisted reproductive technology (ART) center. PATIENT(S): Ninety-three women who underwent an IVF cycle of COH in which Fertinex was used as the sole gonadotropin. INTERVENTION(S): The COH protocol included Fertinex with leuprolide acetate down-regulation in the late luteal phase or the early follicular phase. Embryo transfer was performed after 3 days of culture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Stimulation parameters, embryologic data, and pregnancy rates (PRs). RESULT(S): Ninety-three patients underwent 97 cycles of COH, with a cancellation rate of 13.4%. The clinical PR was 42% per initiation, 49% per retrieval, and 51% per transfer. Shorter stimulation periods, lower estradiol levels either per follicle punctured or per oocyte retrieved, and slower embryo development were observed. Patients responded to Fertinex in three distinct stimulation patterns: escalating response with a peak estradiol level of < or =3,000 pg/mL, escalating response with a peak estradiol level of >3,000 pg/mL, or escalating response characterized by a drop in the estradiol level or a plateau before hCG administration. All three responses had similar PRs. CONCLUSION(S): Fertinex can be used successfully as the sole gonadotropin for COH in ART without compromising high PRs. Traditional estradiol response curves or cancellation criteria may not apply when Fertinex is used as the sole gonadotropin for COH in ART.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

NR8383 alveolar macrophage toxic growth arrest by hydrogen peroxide is associated with induction of growth-arrest and DNA damage-inducible genes GADD45 and GADD153.

Breathing air exposes humans and other mammals to various toxic agents including oxidative contaminants associated with fine particles of less than 2.5 micron which may be deposited in the deep lung and have been implicated in the increased morbidity and mortality correlated with air pollution. Oxidative damage from inhaled particles may include damage to DNA, thereby adversely affecting the immunosurveillance provided by alveolar macrophages. Using the rat alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383, we demonstrated that cell proliferation was inhibited by exogenous hydrogen peroxide, an oxidant naturally produced in cellular respiration and phagocytosis. Mercaptosuccinate, a specific inhibitor of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, also inhibited cell growth. Genes known to be coordinatively regulated in response to growth arrest and DNA damage, GADD45 and GADD153, were induced compared to the housekeeping gene beta-ACTIN by equitoxic doses of hydrogen peroxide and mercaptosuccinate. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of cells in which glutathione peroxidase was inhibited by mercaptosuccinate resulted in even greater induction of both GADD genes. This approach using the NR8383 alveolar macrophage cell line provides a model for studying genotoxicity at the mechanistic level at which stress-responsive genes involved in growth arrest and DNA-damage response are modulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Ambient air sampling for tritium--determination of breakthrough volumes and collection efficiencies for silica gel adsorbent.

Ambient air samples for tritium (as HTO) can be collected using the solid adsorbent silica gel. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum practical sampling volume and overall collection efficiency for water vapor collected on silica gel columns and to demonstrate the use of an impinger-based system to load water vapor onto silica gel columns. Breakthrough volumes (Vb) were measured and chromatographic efficiencies (expressed as the number of theoretical plates, N) were calculated for a 20 degrees C to 50 degrees C temperature range, with the relative humidity at approximately 30%. The tests yielded relative breakthrough volumes (air volume/adsorbent depth, m3 cm(-1)) of 0.36 for 20 degrees C, 0.20 for 30 degrees C, 0.15 for 40 degrees C, and 0.077 for 50 degrees C. For 18-cm columns, the average tritium tracer recoveries at 20 degrees C were 71% with no observed breakthrough for air volumes up to 5 m3, while at 40 degrees C mean tritium tracer recoveries dropped from 75% for volumes < or = 3.0 m3, to 0% for a volume of 5.0 m3. Frontal chromatographic profiles were measured for water vapor migrating through silica gel columns that were divided into 5 segments. The chromatographic efficiency of the silica gel columns was determined by graphical evaluation of the chromatography profiles. At a sampling rate of 0.25 L min(-1) and 30% relative humidity, the number of theoretical plates per adsorbent depth were 0.55 N cm(-1) at 20 degrees C, 0.68 N cm(-1) at 30 degrees C, 0.51 N cm(-1) at 40 degrees C, and 0.30 N cm(-1) at 50 degrees C. Chromatographic theory was used to estimate the overall collection efficiency of the silica gel columns as a function of the ratio of the sampling volume to breakthrough volume and the chromatographic efficiency. For a 9.5 m3 sample volume, 30% relative humidity, 0.25 L min(-1) sampling rate, and a 54-cm column, the overall collection efficiency was above 99.9% at 20 degrees C, above 95% at 30 degrees C, just below 80% at 40 degrees C, and <<80% at 50 degrees C.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1997

Public participation in radiological surveillance.

In 1989, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory developed a program, for the U.S. Department of Energy, to involve local citizens in environmental surveillance at the Hanford Site. The Community-Operated Environmental Surveillance Program was patterned after similar community-involvement efforts at the Nevada Test Site and the Three Mile Island nuclear facility. Its purpose is to increase the flow of information to the public, thereby enhancing the public's awareness and understanding of surveillance activities. The program consists of two components: radiological air monitoring at nine offsite locations and agricultural product sampling at selected locations near the site. At each air-monitoring station, two local school teachers collect air particulate samples and operate equipment to monitor ambient radiation levels. Atmospheric tritium samples (as water vapor) are also collected at some locations. Four of the air-monitoring stations include large, colorful informational displays for public viewing. These displays provide details on station equipment, sample types, and sampling purposes. Instruments in the displays also monitor, record, and show real-time ambient radiation readings (measured with a pressurized ionization chamber) and meteorological conditions. Agricultural products, grown primarily by middle-school-aged students, are obtained from areas downwind of the site. Following analysis of these samples, environmental surveillance staff visit the schools to discuss the results with the students and their teachers. The data collected by these air and agricultural sampling efforts are summarized with other routinely collected sitewide surveillance data and reported annually in the Hanford Site environmental report.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed1997

Oocyte donation program: initial experiences at Southeastern Fertility Institute.

From March 1994 to February 1996, 28 infertile couples participated in the oocyte donation program in 33 treatment cycles at the Southeastern Fertility Institute. Of the 31 cycles with embryo transfer, 15 cycles (48.4 percent) resulted in a clinical pregnancy with fetal heart beat by ultrasound. The spontaneous first trimester abortion rate was 3/15 (20 percent), multiple pregnancy rate 3/15 (20 percent), live birth rate 11/15 (73.3 percent) and delivery rate 12/15 (80 percent). It is recommended that oocyte donation procedure is a highly successful treatment option for women with ovarian failure or repeated unsuccessful trials of assisted reproductive technologies.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A role for airborne particulates in high mercury levels of some cetaceans.

In a study of 25 Tursiops truncatus and two Globicephala macrorhynchus examined by necropsy, abundant HgSe was found in both the liver and in the respiratory system (lung and hilar lymph nodes). In the liver HgSe was consistently associated with the cell-breakdown pigment lipofuscin, whereas in lung and hilar lymph nodes it was consistently associated with particulates consisting of partially graphitic soot and silicates. This supports earlier suggestions that in the liver HgSe may be a storage end product of Hg metabolism, while adding the new suggestion that in the respiratory system HgSe may be inhaled, preformed in combustion emissions.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1994

Transvaginal embryo transfer during the zygote intrafallopian tube transfer procedure.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate a tactile non-ultrasonographically directed approach to transvaginal tubal cannulation and embryo transfer during the zygote intrafallopian tube transfer procedure. STUDY DESIGN: We studied the application of the tactile approach to transvaginal tubal cannulation and embryo transfer in 68 consecutive zygote intrafallopian tube transfer cycles. RESULTS: The tactile approach to transvaginal tubal cannulation and subsequent embryo transfer was successful in 93% of couples. Pregnancy occurred in 16 of the 63 (25%) women undergoing a successful transvaginal embryo transfer. CONCLUSION: The tactile approach to transvaginal tubal cannulation was found to be easily learned and provided a safe and convenient method of tubal embryo transfer. This low-cost approach, which has application to transfer of both embryos and gametes, deserves further study.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1994

Office-based ankle arthroscopy.

Arthroscopy of the ankle has a definite role in the diagnosis and treatment of intra-articular pathologic conditions. Topics discussed in this article include advantages and disadvantages of arthroscopy, patient evaluation, indications for diagnostic arthroscopy, and techniques and considerations of office-based arthroscopy. Four case studies supplement the text.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Liver abnormalities associated with chronic mercury accumulation in stranded Atlantic bottlenose dolphins.

Eighteen stranded Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) examined postmortem were sampled for histologic study. All cases were examined for ferric ion and lipofuscin. Ages were determined from tooth growth layers. Electron microscopic (EM) examination and X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) were performed. Chemical analysis for mercury was conducted on 12 of the animals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Nine animals were found to have excessive lipofuscin in both liver and kidney. Four of these nine animals also exhibited active liver disease (fat globules, central necrosis, lymphocytic infiltrates) whereas, of the animals without the excessive pigment, only one animal had an active liver lesion. EM and EDAX showed electron-dense amorphous material presumably within lysosomes to be Hg with no deposits on mitochondrial or nuclear membranes noted. Age relationship to portal pigment deposition was positive. Liver mercury concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 443 micrograms/g of wet weight with all animals having liver pigment yielding values of or above 61 micrograms/g, whereas all animals lacking pigment had values of or below 50 micrograms/g. The evidence suggests that the excessive pigment accumulation is related to toxic effects of Hg and presents as increased active liver disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Dual-image video endoscopy.

The use of a digital audio-video mixer is advocated when concurrent endoscopic procedures, such as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, are performed. The device can also assist in postproduction work.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1992

Lymphangiomyomatosis in the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

The first case of lymphangiomyomatosis in a marine mammal is reported from a stranded male Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). This progressive proliferative disease involved the lungs and the mediastinal and probably mesenteric lymph nodes. An extraordinarily low level of testosterone may have been pathologically significant since all reported cases of this disease in humans occur in females.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Collection of nonpolar organic compounds from ambient air using polyurethane foam-granular adsorbent sandwich cartridges.

Glass cartridges containing 6-10 g of Tenax-GC or 15 g of XAD-2 resin packed between two slices of polyurethane foam (PUF) were used in a General Metal Works PS-1 high-volume sampler to collect chlorobenzenes (CBs) containing three to six chlorine atoms, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons from 35-385 m3 of air. Laboratory experiments were run by vaporizing known quantities of analytes into a clean airstream for sampling by the PS-1 system at 20 degrees C. Collection efficiencies, determined from mass balance of the quantities introduced and recovered, ranged from 70 to 120% for individual compounds and averaged 93% overall. Penetration of analytes to backup adsorbent traps showed an inverse correlation to vapor pressure. The method was used to collect the above compounds from urban and rural air.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1991

Use of an oxidized, regenerated cellulose absorbable adhesion barrier at laparoscopy.

The use of an oxidized, regenerated cellulose absorbable adhesion barrier has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence, extent and severity of postoperative gynecologic adhesions in a multicenter, randomized, prospective trial. Since an increasing proportion of gynecologic surgery is being performed laparoscopically, a prospective, multicenter, open-label study was initiated to evaluate the feasibility of using the adhesion barrier laparoscopically and to establish techniques for applying the barrier during those procedures. Eighty patients were studied: 42 underwent lysis of adhesions; 35, removal of endometriosis implants; and 14, tuboplasty/fimbrioplasty. An average of two pieces were placed per patient, with an average piece size of 3 x 3 cm and an average time required per piece of 2 minutes, 40 seconds. Seventy-five percent of the cases required less than three pieces each for application. Eighteen percent of the pieces were difficult to place, generally because of problems unfolding the material, excessive size or nonadherence. For similar reasons, replacement was necessary for 27 of 157 pieces placed (17.2%). The barrier can be applied with relative ease during operative laparoscopy. The fabric can be placed through either the suprapubic or umbilical sleeve, depending on the size of the piece of barrier required.

Cellulose, Oxidized↗
PubMed1982

Pregnancy outcome following microsurgical fimbrioplasty.

A microsurgical technique of fimbrioplasty has been utilized in 40 patients operated on by the author. The subdivisions of deagglutination and incision of a peritoneal ring or tubal wall are described diagrammatically. Sixty-three percent of 35 patients who had a pure microsurgical fimbrioplasty conceived postoperatively. One of these 22 pregnancies was ectopic. In five patients who had a mixed procedure, all conceived postoperatively and one of five pregnancies was ectopic. Overall, pregnancy occurred in 68% of 40 patients. Uterine pregnancy was achieved in 63% and ectopic pregnancy in 5% of this series. It is of interest that 44% of those patients achieving a pregnancy did so within 3 months of surgery.

Fallopian Tubes↗