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Biomedical subjects

G W Schneider

Publications and source records attributed to G W Schneider.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effectiveness of a graduate medical education program for improving medical event reporting attitude and behavior.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program for improving medical event reporting attitude and behavior in the ambulatory care setting among graduate medical trainees. DESIGN: One group pre- and post-test study. SETTING: The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Family Medicine Residency Program. PARTICIPANTS: All family practice residents (n = 30). INTERVENTION: Patient safety educational program implemented through an introductory lecture and 6 monthly conferences, June to December 2002, involving medical events that occurred in the ambulatory care setting. OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical event reporting attitude and behavior at baseline and at 6 month follow up, and barriers to medical event reporting at the 6 month follow up. RESULTS: Program attendance was significantly correlated with medical event reporting attitude and behavior change (rho = 0.525, p = 0.003). The median change in medical event reporting attitude and behavior was zero and not statistically significant (p = 0.566). Major barriers to medical event reporting were lack of time, extra paper work, and concern about career and personal reputation. CONCLUSIONS: Attending the patient safety educational program was key for promoting a positive medical event reporting attitude and behavior change among graduate trainees. Major barriers to medical event reporting were lack of time, extra paper work, and concern about career and personal reputation. Future research will need to focus on reducing these barriers and to evaluate the effectiveness of such a program over longer periods of time, since making a positive change in medical event reporting attitude and behavior must be made at the individual and organizational levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

C.A.R.E.: an approach for teaching ethics in medicine.

Various societal factors have contributed to an increase in the ethical dilemmas faced by physicians, yet limited formal training in ethical decision-making is provided for those practitioners during their medical education. The pluralistic nature of contemporary medicine seems amenable to the development of common clinical and educational approaches to ethical dilemmas. The authors propose one such framework--a four question approach called C.A.R.E.--that encourages physicians at all levels of training to acknowledge individual and collective factors that enter into ethical decision-making. These questions are clearly described, and examples for use of the model in teaching settings are also provided. The authors believe that this approach can have significant utility in medical education and clinical settings, and advocate for its use and evaluation.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

Providing primary care for long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Primary care physicians will be providing longitudinal health care for long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with increasing frequency. Late effects (sequelae) secondary to treatment with radiation or chemotherapeutic agents are frequent and may be serious. Depending on treatment exposures, this at-risk population may experience life-threatening late effects, such as cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis C or late-onset anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy, or life-changing late effects, such as cognitive dysfunction. Many survivors of childhood ALL will develop problems such as obesity and osteopenia at a young age, which will significantly affect their risk for serious health outcomes as they grow older. The goal of our review is to assist primary care physicians in providing longitudinal health care for long-term survivors of childhood ALL. We also highlight areas needing further investigation, including the prevalence of different late effects, determination of risk factors associated with a late effect, a better understanding of the potential impact of late effects on the premature development of common adult health problems, and the value and timing of different tests for screening asymptomatic survivors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effects of RPM and recycle on separation efficiency in a clinical blood cell centrifuge.

A COBE blood cell centrifuge, model 2997 with a single stage channel, was modified to allow computer controlled sampling, and to allow recycle of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma streams using bovine whole blood. The effects of recycle of the packed RBC and plasma product streams, and of the centrifuge RPM on platelet and white blood cell (WBC) separation efficiencies were quantified using a central composite factorial experimental design. These data were then fit using second order models. Both the model for the WBC separation efficiency and the model for the platelet separation efficiency predict that RPM has the greatest effect on separation efficiency and that RBC and plasma recycle have detrimental effects at moderate to low RPM, but have negligible impact on separation efficiency at high RPM.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interface dynamics in a centrifugal cell separator.

Experiments were performed with bovine blood to study the response of the plasma/cell interface position to pumping rate adjustments in two single-stage (SS I and SS II) cell separation chambers. Standard clinical instrumentation and equipment and on-line computer interfacing were used to monitor and control the interface position. The data provided a quantitative description of its dynamics in the SS I and the SS II chambers. In the SS I chamber, adjustments in the flow rate caused the interface to move very slowly and in a complex manner from one steady-state operation position to another. Such behavior made both manual and computer-controlled operation very difficult. By contrast, the SS II chamber was inherently unstable for most operating conditions. We demonstrated, however, that a feedback controller could be used easily to adjust or maintain the interface position, and this system moved from one steady-state operating condition to another 10 times as fast as the system using the SS I chamber. Also, the manner in which the controller allowed the system to respond to operator requests was much simplier than that for the SS I system.

Animals↗