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Biomedical subjects

G W Welch

Publications and source records attributed to G W Welch.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

FACTOREP: a new tool to explore the dimensions of depression.

One promising research approach in the search for clinically meaningful diagnostic categories of depression has been the application of multivariate statistical techniques such as factor analysis to the evaluation of self-report and observer rating data. The contribution of factor analysis has been limited, however, by the application of traditional mathematical criteria in the analyses which typically produce too many factors. In this study, a criterion of replicability was applied with the aid of a factor matching procedure (FACTOREP). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was examined using FACTOREP and two large samples of depressed patients. The results showed that only a large general factor was present. Beyond the BDI studies, there has been debate on the validity of the endogenous versus reactive depression conceptualization. Despite the limited number of endogenous items in the BDI, the results here did not confirm the presence of two clear factors that represented endogenous and reactive groups of items.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1990

Functional gastrointestinal symptoms in a Wellington community sample.

In this study, gut functioning and the prevalence of functional bowel disorders among a Wellington community sample of 285 apparently healthy people was estimated using a standardised questionnaire. When asked for their opinion of their bowel functioning generally, 37% of respondents were satisfied that it was always normal, 57.2% regarded it as not always normal, and 5.6% felt it was normal less than half the time or not normal at all. However, only 11.6% had actually consulted a physician about a stomach or bowel disorder in the past year. Average bowel frequency was 8.4 movements per week (SD = 3.9) for the total sample. Approximately three quarters of the total sample had experienced diarrhoea at least occasionally, but only 2.5% half the movements or more often. Constipation was reported by 8.1% for half the time or more, and 1.8% for most bowel movements. Abdominal distension was experienced by 7.2% on half of days or more, and 3.6% on most days or daily. Abdominal pain occuring on six or more separate days in the previous year was reported by 26.4% of men and 31.9% of women. Pain not due to organic disorders that was colonic in nature and of the irritable bowel syndrome type was reported by 15.9% of men and 17.2% of women.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1990

Pediatric trauma triage: review of 1,307 cases.

To assess patterns of pediatric trauma triage and patient transfer to the pediatric trauma centers, the records of 1,307 patients 14 years old or less who were admitted or died during resuscitation at eight Level II Trauma Centers from January 1987 through December 1988 were reviewed retrospectively. Cases were analyzed according to the following criteria: age, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, admitting service, pediatric trauma score (PTS), length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital, and outcome. Forty-three patients were transferred to pediatric trauma centers based on local criteria. Of the remaining 1,264 patients kept at the Level II Trauma Centers, the average patient age was 8.34 year; PTS, 9.74; and length of stay, 4.46 days. Two hundred fifty-eight patients (19.7%) required ICU care for an average length of stay of 2.86 days. Twenty-four patients (1.8%) died; all 24 had a PTS less than or equal to 8. In comparing the data to the guidelines in Appendix J of the American College of Surgeons' Hospital and Prehospital Resources for Optimal Trauma Care of the Injured Patient for transfer to a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center, we found that children with a PTS greater than 8 and who either require ICU care and/or have altered states of consciousness can safely be treated in the adult ICU of a Level II Trauma Center.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of the Datascope ACCUSAT pulse oximeter in healthy adults.

Arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation measured with the Datascope ACCUSAT pulse oximeter was compared with simultaneous arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation measurements in healthy adult volunteers. One hundred thirty-five arterial blood samples ranging in saturation from 63 to 100% were obtained from 15 adults, aged 20 to 43 years. These subjects had different skin pigmentation, hematocrit, and smoking habits. Steady-state hypoxia was achieved by varying the inspired oxygen concentration between 10 and 21%. Readings from the Datascope ACCUSAT pulse oximeter and the Hewlett-Packard 47201A ear oximeter were compared with arterial blood samples analyzed by the Instrumentation Laboratories IL 282 in vitro CO-Oximeter. The equation for the best fitted linear regression line between the ACCUSAT pulse oximeter and the reference IL 282 CO-Oximeter was: ACCUSAT = 1.08(IL) - 6.86. The linear regression analysis revealed a high degree of correlation (r = 0.99), and a small standard error of the estimate (SEE = 1.29%). Simultaneous comparisons between arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation measured with the ACCUSAT pulse oximeter and the Hewlett-Packard ear oximeter also showed a close correlation (r = 0.99, SEE = 1.47%). A similar comparison between the ACCUSAT and the Ohmeda 3700 pulse oximeter revealed good correlation (r = 0.99, SEE = 1.72%). We found that the ACCUSAT pulse oximeter is an accurate instrument for measuring arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation noninvasively in the range between 60 and 100%.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Simultaneous comparison of three noninvasive oximeters in healthy volunteers.

Noninvasive monitoring of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) from the Nellcor N-100 and the Ohmeda-Biox 3700 pulse oximeters were compared with SaO2 measured simultaneously by the Hewlett-Packard 47201A ear oximeter. A total of 868 pairs of data points ranging in saturation from 55-100% were obtained from 31 healthy adult volunteers of different ages, sex, skin pigmentation, height, weight, hematocrit, and smoking habits. Steady state and rapidly changing hypoxic conditions were achieved by varying the inspired O2 concentration between 10 and 100%. Measurements were analyzed by means of linear regression. The equations for the best fitted linear regression line between the Nellcor and the Ohmeda-Biox pulse oximeters as compared to the reference Hewlett-Packard ear oximeter readings were Y = 0.92X + 7.45 and Y = 1.10X - 10.73, respectively. Our study showed that despite a very close correlation among these three oximeters (r = 0.98), when compared to the Hewlett-Packard ear oximeter, the Nellcor pulse oximeter overestimates SaO2 by 2-4%, whereas the Ohmeda-Biox pulse oximeter underestimates SaO2 by 3-6% for SaO2 levels between 70 and 55%.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Psychoneurotic symptomatology in the irritable bowel syndrome: a study of reporters and non-reporters.

An appreciable proportion of the general population have the irritable bowel syndrome but do not report it. Results of psychological assessments showed that outpatients with the syndrome and non-reporters of it were psychologically similar, but both groups showed more somatic distress than normal controls. Anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsion, and interpersonal sensitivity were similar in both groups with the syndrome and the normal controls. The preponderance of women referred to outpatient clinics may reflect sociological factors rather than the severity of the irritable bowel syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Specificity of psychological profiles of irritable bowel syndrome patients.

The aim of the study was to investigate the specificity of psychological profiles in female Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients by a comparison with a gastrointestinal patient control group and with a normal population control group. The results showed that the IBS patients scored significantly higher than the normal population sample on three test scales: Anxiety, Phobic and Somatisation. Our results thus support the conclusion of earlier authors that a moderate degree of psychoneurotic disorder exists amongst IBS patients. However, the patient control group also scored significantly higher than the normal control group on two factors (Phobic and Somatisation), and the comparison between the IBS group and the patient control group did not reveal any significant differences. It is suggested that attention to the psychological needs of both IBS and other gastrointestinal disease patients should form an important part of the management strategy, particularly in the former--where a consistently clear benefit for any particular therapy has yet to be shown.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1982

Effect of bretylium on neuromuscular transmission.

The effect of bretylium on the response of an isolated muscle (guinea pig lumbrical) to direct and indirect stimulation was examined. An initial increase in twitch response to both indirect and direct stimulation was followed at higher concentrations of bretylium by block of the indirect response only. The ED50 for this latter effect was 106.9 +/- 9.25 microM. However, in the presence of subthreshold levels of d-tubocurarine the ED50 was markedly reduced to 1.31 +/- 1.11 microM, a concentration that could occur during clinical use of bretylium. Thus, the physician is cautioned to consider the possibility that neuromuscular block may be produced when bretylium is administered in close temporal proximity to neuromuscular blocking agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Himantobezoar.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hemodynamic analysis of septic shock in thermal injury: treatment with dopamine.

Eleven burn patients were studied while in septic shock and during dopamine infusion. There was only one survivor. The shock state in septic burn patients is hyperdynamic with a marked increase in cardiac index but a significant loss of systemic vascular resistance. Dopamine infusion in low doses stimulated the heart by increasing the cardiac index but caused further vasodilation and exerted little beneficial effect on blood pressure. High doses of dopamine increased the systemic vascular resistance and the blood pressure to levels which more adequately perfused the kidney. Dopamine infusion in high doses will improve the septic patient's hemodynamic status. This may permit surgical treatment of the septic process to remove the cause of the shock state.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The use of steroids in inhalation injury.

Steroids exert no beneficial effect upon acute pulmonary dysfunction created by nitrogen tetroxide inhalation and may worsen small airway obstruction in the early phases of injury. Treatment, therefore, is still largely symptomatic and supportive.

Animals↗