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G WHITTEMBURY

Publications and source records attributed to G WHITTEMBURY.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1965

SODIUM EXTRUSION AND POTASSIUM UPTAKE IN GUINEA PIG KIDNEY CORTEX SLICES.

Slices from the cortex corticis of the guinea pig kidney were immersed in a chilled solution without K and then reimmersed in warmer solutions. The Na and K concentrations and the membrane potential V(m) were then studied as a function of the Na and K concentrations of the reimmersion fluid. It was found that Na is extruded from the cells against a large electrochemical potential gradient. Q(10) for net Na outflux was approximately 2.5. At bath K concentrations larger than 8 mM the behavior of K was largely passive. At the outset of reimmersion (V(m) > E(K)) K influx seemed secondary to Na extrusion. Na extrusion would promote K entrance, being limited and requiring the presence of K in the bathing fluid. At bath K concentrations below 8 mM, K influx was up an electrochemical potential gradient. Thus a parallel active K uptake is apparent. Q(10) for net K influx was approximately 2.0. Dinitrophenol inhibited net Na outflux and net K influx, Q(10) became <1.1 for both fluxes. The ratio between these fluxes varied. Thus at the outset of reimmersion the net Na outflux to net K influx ratio was >1. After 8 minutes it was <1.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL PROFILE OF THE TOAD SKIN EPITHELIUM.

The electrical potential profile of the isolated toad skin was recorded, in vitro, by impalement with micropipette-electrodes, when both sides of the skin were bathed with sulfate-Ringer. The outer side of the skin was some 110 mv negative with respect to the inner side. Upon impalement from the outer side, two main positive steps of 40 to 70 mv each were found to form the skin potential. The site of measurement of each potential difference was permanently marked in the tissue during recording, by deposition of carmine from the micropipette tip using iontophoresis. Serial histological sections of the skin were prepared and search was then made of the carmine deposits 2 to 6 micro in size, under phase contrast microscopy. By this method the main steps were located at the outer and the inner sides of the stratum germinativum cells. The DC resistances between the micropipette tip and the bathing solutions were measured during the recording of each potential difference. The resistance at the outer side of the stratum germinativum cells, of 1.09 kilohm. cm(2), was larger than that at their inner side, of 0.30 kilohm. cm(2). The stratum germinativum cells maintained a potential difference of -34 mv during short-circuiting of the skin.

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PubMed1962

Action of antidiuretic hormone on the equivalent pore radius at both surfaces of the epithelium of the isolated toad skin.

A previously described method (1) allows the observation of swelling and shrinking of the epithelial cells of the isolated toad skin, when the solution bathing either the outer or inner side of the skin is modified. Thus, the concentration of probing molecules of graded size, isotonic to the epithelial cells, across each face of the isolated toad skin can be determined. These concentrations have been used for the estimation of the equivalent pore radius at the outer and inner face of the skin epithelium, following the approach of Goldstein and Solomon for red cells (3). An equivalent pore radius of 4.5 A for the outer surface, and one of 7 A for the inner surface have been obtained. Antidiuretic hormone had an effect only when added to the inner side. This effect was only at the outer surface and is interpreted as widening of the 4.5 A pores to about 6.5 A. A model membrane, formed by narrow and wide pores in series, may explain some of the apparent inconsistencies previously observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Electrical potential difference measurements in perfused single proximal tubules of Necturus kidney.

Transtubular and peritubular face electrical potential differences (P.D.) of the proximal tubules of the kidney of the amphibian Necturus maculosus have been measured in situ. These measurements have been carried out both under normal conditions, when the tubular fluid originates in the glomerular filtrate, and under conditions when the composition of the tubular fluid has been altered using the stopped flow microperfusion technique. Under normal conditions the transtubular potential difference is 20 mv. (lumen-negative) and the P.D. across the peritubular face is 74 mv. (cell-negative). The P.D. across the luminal face is thus 54 mv. (cell-negative). This electrical asymmetry is not influenced by replacing the normal tubular fluid by NaCl, NaCl + mannitol, or by alteration in the intraluminal pH from 7 to 4. On the other hand, replacement of Na by K or choline and the addition of small amounts of DNP to the perfusate diminish this asymmetry.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Ionic permeability and electrical potential differences in Necturus kidney cells.

The cellular concentrations of Na, K, and Cl have been measured in kidney slices of the amphibian, Necturus maculosus. Permeability coefficients have been determined for Na, K, Cl, Rb, Cs, and choline, from studies both of the uptake of radioactive isotopes and the rate of cell swelling in anisotonic solutions. The results of both methods were found to agree well. Measurements were also made of electrical potential differences across the peritubular face of the kidney cells using bathing solutions in which the electrolyte composition and concentrations could be varied. The data obtained are consistent with a model cell in which the potential difference arises as a result of differences in Na permeability relative to K on the two faces of the cell. The intracellular Na concentration is considered to be regulated by a Na-K coupled pump located at the peritubular face of the cell.

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