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Biomedical subjects

G Walford

Publications and source records attributed to G Walford.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Nitric oxide in vascular biology.

Nitric oxide is a highly versatile heterodiatomic molecule that effects a variety of actions in the vasculture. Originally identified as a principal determination of vascular tone, nitric oxide has since been recognized to exert anti thrombotic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects in the vasculture. At higher concentrations and in the setting of other oxidants, nitric oxide can promote vascular pathology. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of nitric oxides actions in vascular biology and pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of short- and long-term outcomes for balloon angioplasty and coronary stent placement.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare patient outcomes for coronary stent placement and balloon angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Since 1994, the number of patients treated only with balloon angioplasty has decreased nationally, whereas the use of coronary stents as an alternative has grown tremendously. The objectives of this study were to compare short- and long-term survival and subsequent revascularization rates for patients undergoing single-vessel balloon angioplasty and coronary stent placement. METHODS: New York's Coronary Angioplasty Registry was used to identify New York patients undergoing either balloon angioplasty or stent placement between July 1, 1994, and December 31, 1996. Statistical models were used to compare risk-adjusted short- and long-term survival and subsequent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). RESULTS: No significant differences were found in adjusted in-patient mortality, but patients who had balloon angioplasty were, on average, 1.36 times more likely to have died at any time during the two-year period after the index procedure (p = 0.003). The adjusted in-patient CABG rate was significantly higher for balloon angioplasty (2.72% vs. 1.66%, p<0.0001), and the adjusted two-year CABG rate was also significantly higher for balloon angioplasty (10.81% vs. 7.25%, p<0.001). The adjusted two-year rate for subsequent PCIs was also significantly higher for balloon angioplasty (19.6% vs. 14.3%, p<0.0001). Although measures were taken to eliminate or minimize the effect of selection bias, it should be noted that patients with stents were healthier at hospital admission than patients who had balloon angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Stent placement is associated with significantly lower risk-adjusted long-term mortality, CABG and subsequent PCI rates, as compared with balloon angioplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Short- and long-term mortality for patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to learn more about the risk factors and short- and long-term outcomes for primary angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Primary angioplasty (direct angioplasty without antecedent thrombolytic therapy) has been an effective alternative to thrombolytic therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, most reported studies have been compromised by small sample sizes and short observation times. METHODS: New York's coronary angioplasty registry was used to identify New York patients undergoing angioplasty within 6 h of AMI between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 1996. Statistical models were used to identify significant risk factors for in-patient and long-term survival and to estimate long-term survival for all patients as well as various subsets of patients undergoing primary angioplasty. RESULTS: The in-hospital mortality rate for all primary angioplasty patients was 5.81%. When patients in preprocedural shock (who had a mortality rate of 45%) were excluded, the in-hospital mortality rate dropped to 2.60%. Mortality rates for all primary angioplasty patients at one year, two years and three years were 9.3%, 11.3% and 12.6%, respectively. Patients treated with stent placement did not have significantly lower risk-adjusted in-patient or two-year mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS: Primary angioplasty is a highly effective option for AMI.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

An unusual complication during deployment of a Multi-Link stent.

The use of intracoronary stents has greatly impacted on the practice of interventional cardiology. Complications due to equipment failure during deployment of stents are rare but potentially serious. We report a case of a malfunctioning Multi-Link delivery system and the successful treatment of the resulting complications.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1996

Extensive coronary dissection caused by balloon rupture at high pressure during stent deployment.

A patient with severe stenosis of the right coronary artery underwent successful stent placement. During high pressure postdilatation, the balloon ruptured, causing an extensive proximal dissection of the right coronary artery managed with the deployment of several additional stents. Strategies aimed at avoiding or minimizing the consequences of high pressure balloon rupture are discussed.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1991

Long-term outcome in early-onset anorexia nervosa.

Fifteen children who developed anorexia nervosa aged 13 years or less were followed up at least three years later (mean 5.3 years). Outcome measures included the Morgan & Russell Outcome Schedule and the PSE. The general outcome was good in seven, intermediate in four, and poor in four, one of whom had died. A high incidence of psychiatric symptoms at follow-up, which has been suggested in other studies, was not confirmed in the 11 subjects who completed the PSE. Where onset was very early (11 years and under) and where hospital stay was prolonged, outcome tended to be poor.

Adolescent↗