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Biomedical subjects

G Wickbom

Publications and source records attributed to G Wickbom.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Experimentally induced ileal ulcers in rats. Formula diet is a preventive factor.

We recently described an experimental model in the rat to create recurring chronic ileal inflammation including ulceration. This model is dependent on an "in vivo culture" of normal intestinal contents. In the present experimental study we examined the effect of a polymeric and a hydrolyzed formula diet on the formation of ulcerating lesions using our rat model. Two groups of rats (twenty in each group) were fed either one of these formula diets eight weeks prior to the experimental procedure and this diet was continued until sacrifice eight weeks later. Twenty control rats also underwent the experimental procedure but were fed standard rat pellets for the same time periods. At sacrifice 60% of the control rats had developed ileal ulcers. None of the rats fed the formula diets developed macroscopic ileal inflammation or ulceration. The effectiveness of formula diets in inducing remission in Crohn's disease in humans may be linked to alterations in the intestinal microflora. We hypothesize that the formula diets in this experiment exerted a protective effect against ileal ulceration by altering the ileal microflora. Preliminary studies support this hypothesis but need to be expanded.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The role of feces, necrotic tissue, and various blocking agents in the prevention of adhesions.

Ischemic tissue and intraperitoneal bacteria have been ascribed an etiologic role in the production of intra-abdominal adhesions. To further elucidate the role of these stimuli and to evaluate the potential protective effect of various agents, peritonitis was induced in 160 Sprague-Dawley rats. The experiment was stratified into those animals with peritonitis plus necrotic tissue, solid feces, both, or neither. The agents tested were a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen), free radical scavenger (SOD), and an anticoagulant (heparin). Death was less likely to occur in animals treated with heparin (3 of 40 vs. 12 of 40, p less than 0.01) or SOD (4 of 40 vs. 12 of 40, p less than 0.05). Ibuprofen did not increase survival in this model. Heparin protected against adhesions in animals with an ischemic ileum of limb and without solid feces. In animals with a nonischemic isolated segment of ileum and solid feces, adhesion formation was increased in both the ibuprofen and the heparin treatment groups (p less than 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Experimentally induced ileal ulcers in rats. A model to study non-specific inflammatory bowel disease.

A surgical technique was used to establish chronic intestinal ulcers in Sprague-Dawley rats. A 2-cm-long segment of the distal ileum was excised and left attached on the mesentery. The ileum was reanastomosed. The excluded ileal segment formed a 'cyst' of various sizes. Initially, the anastomoses healed well, but after 6-8 weeks para-anastomotic ulcers developed in more than 50% of the rats. Histopathology showed a chronic inflammatory reaction with a predominance of mononuclear cells and increased numbers of eosinophilic granulocytes. The surface of the ulcers was covered with bacteria. Penetrating ulcers with fistula formation occurred. It is concluded that this experimental model may be useful for time sequential studies of the development of chronic and ulcerative ileitis. It may also be used to study the effect of medical and surgical regimens for the treatment of non-specific chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A prospective randomized comparison of gastric bypass and gastroplasty. Complications and early results.

Fifty-seven morbidly obese patients were randomized to gastric bypass (29) or gastroplasty (28) and observed for 24 months postoperatively. Operating time and hospital stay were longer and peroperative and postoperative complications somewhat more common in the bypass than in the gastroplasty group. But weight loss at 1 year was significantly greater and failures significantly fewer after gastric bypass. Four gastroplasties were converted to bypass after 18-24 months because of failure to lose weight. Gastric bypass was judged to be much the preferable of the two operations. Dumping occurred in some patients with bypass but not after gastroplasty. Dumping was not associated with greater weight loss. Peroperatively measured pouch volume showed significant correlation with weight loss after gastroplasty, but not after bypass. Peroperative pouch volume and postoperatively measured stoma diameter were co-acting factors, which in multiple regression analysis could explain observed variance in weight loss to about 40% after gastroplasty, but to a negligible degree after gastric bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Use of Roux-en-Y diversion of duodenal secretions in the treatment of reflux gastritis.

Animal experiments and clinical studies suggest that duodenal secretions may be harmful to gastric mucosa after the antrum has been resected. Reflux of duodenal secretions into the gastric remnant after operation for ulcer disease may lead to the symptom complex of reflux gastritis. The injurious agent in the duodenal secretions has yet to be identified. Its relationship to altered gastric mucosa has not been fully elucidated. Diversion of the flow of duodenal secretions away from the stomach may relieve symptoms. Of several surgical procedures used, the Roux-en-Y limb has consistently afforded the best clinical result. Presented are 15 patients who had Roux-en-Y diversion for postoperative reflux gastritis. All patients showed marked improvement after this procedure. Twelve patients also had associated esophagitis. All original procedures were for benign ulcer disease. Three of the patients, who had Henley jejunal loop interpositions, continued to have symptoms which were relieved after conversion to a Roux-en-Y limb.

Duodenum↗
PubMed1975

A clinical evaluation of postoperative alkaline reflux gastritis.

Alkaline reflux gastritis is by far most common following gastric operations, but its true incidence remains to be determined. It is a distinct postgastrectomy disorder with unique features from other postgastrectomy syndromes. Eight patients with the diagnosis of postoperative alkaline reflux gastritis are presented. Five patients had Henley jejunal loop interposition procedures and two had takedown of their gastroenterostomy and pyloroplasty. One patient had a Roux-en-Y jejunojejunostomy after a vagotomy and pyloroplasty. A Henley jejunal loop failed to relieve the symptoms in one patient and a Roux-en-Y jejunojejunostomy brought complete relief of symptoms. Six of the eight patients had esophagitis. The frequent coexistence of alkaline esophagitis and alkaline gastritis must be considered in both treatment.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1975

The effect of vagal stimulation on gastrin release and acid secretion.

Canines with vagally innervated fundic pouches and chronic esophageal fistulas were subjected to sham feeding experiments during which pouch acid output and peripheral serum gastrin levels were measured. These dogs then underwent construction of vagally innervated antral pouches. The sham feeding experiments were repeated after recovery. Preoperatively sham feeding provoked a substantial increase in acid output accompanied by a small serum gastrin increase which did not achieve statistical significance. After creation of the innervated antral pouches, sham feeding evoked an acid secretory response similar to control values. Serum gastrins, however, increased nearly 500 percent in response to sham feeding. Our data support the concept that direct vagal stimulation of the parietal cell mass is the major mechanism by which sham feeding increased acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Changes in canine gastric acid output and serum gastrin levels following massive small intestinal resection.

Vagally denervated (Heidenhain) pouch acid outputs and serum gastrin concentrations, basal and in response to feeding, were measured in dogs before and after massive intestinal resection. Both 24-hr and postprandial Heidenhain pouch acid outputs increased (P less than 0.01) after intestinal resection. Increases in serum gastrin concentrations following feeding were greater after massive resection of the small intestine. There was an excellent correlation (r= 0.967; P less than 0.005) between increases in serum gastrin concentrations and Heidenhain pouch acid outputs after intestinal resection. These studies support and are consistent with the hypothesis that the polypeptide hormone gastrin plays a role in the production of the gastric acid hypersecretion which, in both dogs and man, frequently results from massive resection of the small intestine.

Animals↗