PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Wijsmuller

Publications and source records attributed to G Wijsmuller.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Skin testing: a comparison of the jet injector with the Mantoux method.

Employees in a large industry in Baltimore were tested with 5 TU of purified protein derivative (PPD)-S and PPD-B using both jet injector and Mantoux methods. Wheal sizes tended to be larger among men than women and larger among blacks than whites, regardless of the technique used. Within any given race-sex group, and also within subjects, considerable systematic and nonsystematic variations in wheal size occurred when the jet injector was used. On the contrary, there was little variation in wheal size within race-sex groups when the Mantoux method was used. Mean wheal sizes elicited with the jet injector tended to be smaller than those elicited with the Mantoux method. There were also considerable differences in the reactions elicited by the 2 techniques. The Mantoux method elicited more and larger reactions than the jet injector, which suggests that the 2 injections are in some way qualitatively or quantitatively different. For jet injector tests, the frequency of reactions of different size tended to be related to the size of the wheal measured immediately after injection. This was not true for the Mantoux method. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that the jet injector method is inferior to the Mantoux method in tuberculin skin testing.

Child↗
PubMed1971

The problem of comparing tuberculins for potency.

A total of 1183 patients in a mental hospital who had 10 years earlier participated in a study of isoniazid prophylaxis were given 2 tests, one containing a standard dose of a reference tuberculin, the other containing one of 3 concentrations of a preparation of tuberculin for assay. Combinations were assigned at random to groups that were selected to be as similar as possible with respect to age, sex, previous reaction to tuberculin, and history of isoniazid or placebo medication. The report discusses the problem of characterizing the new preparation in relation to the standard on the basis of limited information, as collected in a population that had acquired sensitivity to tuberculin, not only by infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis but also by infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria. After various analytical approaches were rejected, a method was developed that classifies subjects on the basis of the sum of the reactions to the reference and the assay preparations in both the infected and the non-infected, and in which the difference between the three sets of tests is used to calculate the potency ratio between the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1966

Relation between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity. A contribution to the ecology of BCG vaccination.

BCG vaccination is commonly assessed in terms of post-vaccination sensitivity to tuberculin. If vaccination is followed by the development of a high degree of tuberculin sensitivity, it is assumed that the vaccination was successful. If, on the other hand, tuberculin sensitivity does not develop, it is assumed that the vaccination was unsuccessful. Both these assumptions equate post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity with BCG-induced tuberculin sensitivity and disregard the possibility that environmental factors, such as the prevalence of low-grade naturally acquired tuberculin sensitivity, may affect the outcome of vaccination. Thus, while it seems reasonable to equate post-vaccination and BCG-induced tuberculin sensitivity in areas where low-grade sensitivity is uncommon, it might be unjustifiable to do so in areas where such sensitivity is prevalent.This paper analyses the relation between pre- and post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity in a community with a high prevalence of naturally acquired low-grade tuberculin sensitivity. From this analysis it appears that post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity may be only partly BCG-induced and cannot therefore be considered a reliable measure of the success of BCG vaccination in the presence of naturally acquired low-grade sensitivity. The author discusses the implications of this finding and concludes that a further evaluation of the protection afforded by BCG in areas where low-grade tuberculin sensitivity is prevalent is much needed.

Adolescent↗