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Biomedical subjects

G Yamada

Publications and source records attributed to G Yamada.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Effects of cefoperazone on respiratory infections of patients of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory diseases].

Respiratory infections of 19 subjects of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory disease were treated with cefoperazone (CPZ) and its clinical effects were studied. Sixteen subjects suffered from respiratory tract infection and 3 subjects had pneumonia. The age of the subjects ranged from 39 to 77 years with the mean of 63.8, 7 of them being more than 70 years of age. The underlying respiratory diseases included chronic pulmonary emphysema in 6 subjects, diffuse panbronchiolitis in 3, bronchiectasis in 3, silicosis in 2 and one each of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and old pulmonary tuberculosis. One case, 75 years of age, had renal insufficiency. The daily dose of CPZ was 4 grams in 18 of the 19 subjects and the duration of administration ranged 5 to 22 days. The remaining 1 subject received 2 g of CPZ daily for 6 days. Clinical effects were judged from the changes in fever, cough, amount of sputum, dyspnea, rales, cyanosis, chest X-ray, white blood cell counts, CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rates and results of sputum culture. Clinical effects were good in 16 subjects, fair in 1, and poor in 2. Bacteriological follow-up was carried out in 13 subjects. Infecting bacteria were eliminated from 5 subjects, reduced in 2 and, in 4 subjects, they were replaced by other bacteria. In 1 subject, P. aeruginosa was isolated from sputum even after the treatment with CPZ, and in another subject H. influenzae relapsed immediately after the cessation of the CPZ treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cellular immune responses in the acute exacerbation of hepatitis B e antigen-positive type B chronic hepatitis.

The compositions of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and liver biopsies from 29 patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive type B chronic hepatitis were studied by an indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method using monoclonal antibodies to surface antigens on pan T cells (Leu-1 +), cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (Leu-2a +), helper/inducer T cells (Leu-3a +), natural killer/killer cells (Leu-7 +), and B cells (Leu-10 +). In the peripheral blood during the acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B, the percentage of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells was decreased, and the ratio of helper/inducer to cytotoxic/suppressor cells was elevated corresponding to the peak of serum transaminase. In contrast, in liver biopsies obtained during acute exacerbation, numerous lymphocytes infiltrated sites of liver cell necrosis and were predominantly cytotoxic/suppressor cells. When compared with the liver biopsies obtained about 2 months after the peak of serum transaminase, cytotoxic/suppressor cells were significantly increased in those obtained during the acute exacerbation period. No significant change of the percentage of natural killer/killer cells was observed in either the peripheral blood or the liver during the acute exacerbation. These findings suggest that T cell cytotoxicity plays an important role in the mechanisms of liver cell damage in acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Intrahepatic lymphocyte subpopulation defined by monoclonal antibodies in anti-HBe positive type B chronic active hepatitis.

The composition of the mononuclear cell infiltrates in the liver was studied in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Lymphocyte subpopulations as defined by Leu monoclonal antibodies (Leu-1: pan T cell, Leu-2a: cytotoxic/suppressor T cell, Leu-3a: helper/inducer T cell, Leu-7: natural killer/K cells, and Leu 10: B cell) and distribution of both HBsAg and HBcAg in the liver have been evaluated in 10 anti-HBe-positive patients compared to 36 HBeAg-positive ones. In anti-HBe-positive patients, a general decrease of Leu-1+ cells associated with decreased numbers of Leu-2a+ and Leu-3a+ cells were observed in both portal/periportal and lobular areas. In 3 patients who had been seroconverted to anti-HBe longer than 17 months before the time of liver biopsy, there was a tendency toward a more decrease of Leu-2a+ cells and a higher ratio of Leu-3a+/Leu-2a+ cells. In respect of viral replication in the liver, HBcAg and membranous HBsAg was clearly decreased in anti-HBe-positive patients as compared with HBeAg-positive ones. These findings suggest that in patients with CAH, T cell-mediated cytotoxicity to HBV-infected hepatocytes is diminished in accordance with the decrease of active HBV replication shown by seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Electron microscopy of granulomatous lesions of the liver in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Three granulomas in the portal tract and 9 bile ducts with typical features of chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis (CNSDC) associated with dispersed epithelioid cells were examined by electron microscopy in 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Vesicular epithelioid cells, which contained numerous single-membrane bound vesicles, predominated in the granulomas. On the other hand, immature epithelioid cells and activated macrophages were more often observed near epithelial cells of the bile ducts with CNSDC than in the granulomas. These macrophages seemed to be activated by epithelial cells of the bile ducts and develop into epithelioid cells. Honeycomb-like membranous labyrinths containing electron dense substances were frequently observed in epithelioid cells and were likely a special form of phagosome. The substances in the labyrinths seemed to be derived from organellae of necrotic cells and extracellular interstitial tissues. Subplasmalemmal linear densities (SPLD) were observed at the cytoplasmic boundary and at intracytoplasmic membranous labyrinth. The roles of SPLD were discussed.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1985

Purification and physicochemical characterization of murine T cell replacing factor (TRF).

Murine T cell replacing factor (TRF) was purified from a cellfree supernatant of a T cell hybridoma (B151K12) that constitutively produces TRF. Two assay systems for TRF activity were employed: 1) induction of anti-DNP IgG PFC responses in cultures of splenic B cells from DNP-KLH-primed BALB/c mice, and 2) induction of IgM PFC in chronic B cell leukemic cells (BCL1). The purification scheme consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Blue-Sepharose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel permeation with fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Overall, TRF was purified approximately 34,000-fold with a maximum 3.8% recovery of activity, and the specific activity of the purified TRF was approximately 9.6 X 10(4) U/mg. The TRF that is active in these systems is distinct from the other lymphokines such as IL 1, IL 2, BCGFI (now known as BSFp1), and gamma-interferon. The TRF is extremely hydrophobic, with an apparent m.w. of 50,000 to 60,000 on gel permeation chromatography and 18,000 on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. Highly purified B151-TRF abrogated the activity by treatment with trypsin but not with RNase. Moreover, it bound to lima bean agglutinin-Sepharose specific for N-acetylgalactosamine residues, indicating that B151-TRF is a glycosylated glycoprotein containing N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The role of N-acetylgalactosamine residues on TRF activity was additionally substantiated by the fact that the addition of appropriate amounts of N-acetylgalactosamine in the assay systems for TRF preferentially induced a profound suppression for TRF-mediated PFC responses.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

Cellular immune response in liver of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Electron microscopic observation of lymphocyte subsets by the immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies.

The morphological association between lymphocytes and hepatocytes was studied at the light and electron microscopic levels by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method using mouse monoclonal antibodies against Leu-1, Leu-2a, Leu-3a, Leu-7 and Leu-10 antigens in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis B. Leu-1 + cells (T cells), especially Leu-2a + cells (cytotoxic/suppressor T cells), infiltrated mostly in periportal areas with piecemeal necrosis and in parenchymal areas with focal necrosis. By double staining techniques, Leu-2a + cells were often seen in contact with hepatocytes containing membranous hepatitis B surface and/or core antigens in patients with chronic active hepatitis. At the ultrastructural level, Leu-2a + cells frequently occupied the sinusoid and also migrated into both the space of Disse and between hepatocytes. Furthermore, they often showed intimate surface-contact with hepatocytes having hepatitis B surface and/or core antigens, and, occasionally, injured hepatocytes were surrounded by several Leu-2a + cells. In contrast, Leu-3a + cells, Leu-7 + cells and Leu-10 + cells sometimes appeared in the sinusoid, but seldom in the space of Disse and between hepatocytes. These findings suggest that cytotoxic T lymphocytes may be associated with the necrosis of hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis B.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Clinical and histological features of sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis.

The incidence of hepatitis A (HA), hepatitis B (HB), and non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) was 27%, 30% and 43% among 73 patients with sporadic hepatitis. Epidemiological data (geographical distribution, seasonal variation, age, sex, and occupation) were not distinguishing of the type of hepatitis. Neither intrafamilial infection nor previous contact with viral hepatitis patients could be demonstrated in the NANBH cases. Fever and jaundice were less frequent in NANBH than in HA. Maximum levels of SGPT, serum bilirubin, ZTT, and gamma-globulin were significantly lower in NANBH than in HA and HB. Ten of 29 NANBH patients (35%) presented abnormal SGPT activities for more than 6 months, and four (14%) more than 12 months. In the ten patients with prolonged courses, jaundice was more frequent and maximum levels of SGPT were higher than in patients with transient courses. Histopathologic findings were not markedly different from those of HA and HB. Bile duct damage, fatty deposition, and giant multi-nucleated cells were recognized in 6, 12, and 2 NANBH patients, respectively. There were no characteristic ultrastructural changes in NANBH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Non-B hepatocellular carcinoma: influence of age, sex, alcohol, family clustering, blood transfusion and chronic liver disease.

In 144 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 166 cases of cirrhosis without HCC and 142 cases of chronic hepatitis, we examined HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in sera and compared the following factors between hepatitis B virus marker-negative and -positive patients: age, sex, alcohol consumption, family clustering of liver diseases, and histories of blood transfusion and post-transfusion hepatitis. Results of this study demonstrated several distinct differences in clinical backgrounds between non-B (negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc) and B (positive for HBsAg) patients with HCC. Non-B patients were significantly older, had a lower frequency of familial tendencies for liver diseases, and more frequently had cancers other than HCC in their families. Some of these differences were also observed between non-B and B patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis. Among patients with chronic hepatitis, the non-B patients had received blood transfusion or had post-transfusion hepatitis more frequently than the B patients. However, this difference was not apparent in patients with liver cirrhosis or HCC, suggesting that progression of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis to cirrhosis and HCC may not be as frequent as progression to chronic hepatitis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Clinical significance of eosinophilia in the diagnosis of halothane-induced liver injury.

Three patients with severe halothane-induced liver injury are described. All patients received halothane anesthesia twice within a short period. High fever and jaundice were noticed soon after the second operation. The prothrombin time was less than 40%, and eosinophilia was greater than 7% prior to these symptoms. Other causes of liver injury were excluded. Diagnostic criteria for halothane-induced liver injury are proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A case of cornstarch granuloma.

A 57-year-old female was diagnosed as having asymptomatic cornstarch granuloma. The disseminated small nodules over the peritoneum were incidentally discovered at operation for cholelithiasis, when she was misdiagnosed as carcinomatosis peritonei. Histological observations revealed a characteristic finding of tuberculoid granuloma with caseous necrosis, a rather rare histological type of cornstarch granuloma. Polarized light microscopic examination of biopsy specimens is particularly important for the diagnosis. We emphasize that cornstarch granuloma should once be considered when tuberculoid or unknown abdominal granuloma are observed in patients with history of abdominal surgery.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Establishment of three PPD-reactive helper T cell clones with distinct functions in B cell activation.

Three PPD-reactive long-term cultured helper T cell clones were established from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tbc)-primed spleen cells. Clones B11.15 and B12.F were derived from C57BL/6 mice, and clone D-2 was originated from DBA/2Ha mice that have an X-linked recessive inheritance of T cell-replacing factor (TRF) unresponsiveness. Proliferative responses of these cloned T cells were induced by stimulation with PPD in a dose-dependent manner only when I-A-subregion compatible antigen-presenting cells (APC) were present. These three T cell clones have distinct helper functions in B cell activation. Clone B11.15 activated DNP-primed B cells to induce anti-DNP IgM plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses only when high amounts of PPD (5 micrograms) were added to the culture in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner (factor-mediated interaction), whereas stimulation with a low amount of DNP-PPD (0.05 microgram) was ineffective. On the other hand, clone D-2 triggered B cells in the presence of a low amount of DNP-PPD in a MHC-restricted manner (cognate interaction). Significant helper activity of D-2, however, was not observed in the presence of high amounts of PPD. Clone B12.F was able to activate B cells in the presence of either DNP-PPD or PPD. Moreover, both B11.15 and B12.F produced helper factor(s) such as TRF by stimulation with high amounts of PPD in the presence of syngeneic APC, whereas D-2 did not produce measurable helper factor(s) under the same conditions. These results suggest that at least three distinctly functioning PPD-reactive helper T cells can be generated by active immunization with Tbc in vivo. T-B cell interaction between distinctly functioning T cell clones and B cells from (DBA/Ha X C57BL/6) (DB6)F1 male or female mice was then examined. B cells from DB6F1 female mice were triggered by both B11.15 and B12.F in a factor-mediated manner and were also activated with B12.F or D-2 in cognate manner. On the other hand, B cells from DB6F1 male mice, which are TRF low responders, were activated by B12.F or D-2 only through cognate interaction, and they failed to cooperate with B12.F or B11.15 in factor-mediated manner. These findings further suggest that B cells can be triggered by at least two distinct helper T cell subpopulations via respective pathways (cognate interaction and factor-mediated interaction).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Full and empty particles of hepatitis B virus in hepatocytes from patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis.

Complete and defective hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles in sera and hepatocytes were observed by electron microscopy for an understanding of the maturation process of hepatitis B virus. To distinguish Dane particles with or without DNA on the basis of staining density with uranyl acetate, Dane particles, purified from sera of asymptomatic carriers, and Dane particle cores, separated by ultracentrifugation in a metrizamide density gradient, were observed by electron microscopy. Complete cores at a low density (1.19 to 1.23 gm/cm3) were electron dense and incomplete cores at a high density (1.23 to 1.27 gm/cm3) were partially electron dense or empty. These findings demonstrated that the presence or absence of DNA is reflected by the electron density of the core. Our result, in which less than 10% serum Dane particles have full cores in ultrathin sections of the pellet, is in agreement with Gerin's finding that defective Dane particles are predominent in sera. Naked core particles and Dane particles in two biopsy specimens from patients with hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e antigen, and DNA polymerase-positive, chronic active hepatitis were classified into complete versus incomplete particles on the basis of electron density. Nine hundred and fourteen naked core particles were detected in nuclei and cytosol of 68 hepatocytes. One hundred and five core particles (11.5%) were electron dense and 809 core particles (88.5%) were partially electron dense or empty. Furthermore, 488 Dane particles were observed in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum of these hepatocytes. Fifty Dane particles (10.2%) had full cores, and 438 Dane particles (89.8%) had partially full or empty cores. These findings suggest that DNA may be incorporated into about 1 to 10% of core particles when they are assembled in nuclei of hepatocytes. Morphologic differences in damage to hepatocytes containing various frequencies of full Dane particles were also studied, but no significant correlation was found between damage in hepatocytes and frequency of full Dane particles.

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens↗