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Biomedical subjects

G Yedwab

Publications and source records attributed to G Yedwab.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Pregnancy in panhypopituitarism.

The case of a 30-year-old pregnant patient suffering from panhypopituitarism is presented. Pregnancy induced by HMG/HCG had been uneventful. Induction of labor by PGE2 vaginal tablets and by intravenous oxytocin at 42 gestational weeks failed and the patient was operated. Following the operation severe exacerbation of her diabetes insipidus occurred. Fluid balance mechanism failed and electrolyte status deteriorated rapidly. The importance of pitressin in maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance in panhypopituitaric patients in labor and surgical trauma is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prenatal diagnosis of vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II: response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in amniotic fluid cells and fetal tissues.

Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II (VDDR-II; hereditary resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]), an autosomal recessive genetic disease that results from a failure to respond to 1,25-(OH)2D3, is characterized by severe rickets, hypocalcemia, growth retardation, and high prevalence of alopecia. We used amniotic fluid cells in the 17th week of gestation to detect VDDR-II in fetuses at risk for the defect. First, we demonstrated in cells obtained from 15 control pregnancies the presence of a specific high affinity 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor (Kd = 0.3 x 10(-11) mol/L; maximal number of binding sites, 6.1 fmol/mg protein) and 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase activity (up to 30-fold increase). Amniotic fluid cells from a woman who had already given birth to a child with VDDR-II contained receptors that bound [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 normally and responded to 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulation with a 10-fold increase in 24-hydroxylase activity. The fetus was, therefore, judged unaffected, and a normal baby girl was born. At the age of 16 months she did not demonstrate clinical or biochemical features of VDDR-II. Amniotic fluid cells from another mother of a child with VDDR-II were unable to bind [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3, and the hormone failed to stimulate 24-hydroxylase activity. VDDR-II in this fetus was confirmed after termination of pregnancy by the total inability of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to stimulate 24-hydroxylase activity in tissue explants and cell cultures prepared from the fetus's kidney and skin. In contrast, tissues from dead control fetuses responded to stimulation by 1,25-(OH)2D3 with a 3- to 10-fold increase in 24-hydroxylase activity. Fetal kidney and skin explants and cell cultures also synthesized a [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3-like metabolite from [3H]25-OHD3 as early as the 17th week of gestation. 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10 nM) decreased the in vitro synthesis of the [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3-like metabolite in tissues from dead control fetuses, but not from the affected fetus. Thus, human fetuses at midgestation already have the regulatory mechanisms responsive to 1,25-(OH)2D3 present postnatally. The prenatal diagnosis of VDDR-II is now possible and is indicated in a high risk family.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sperm penetration in vitro: correlations between parameters of sperm quality and the penetration capactiy.

A nonlinear regression analysis was used in order to fit a logistic model to 200 runs of human ejaculated spermatozoa penetrating cervical mucus of good quality. The data revealed excellent correlation between the number of sperm penetrating (sigma penetration, SP) and the motility (r = 0.776) and vitality (r = 0.534) of the spermatozoa. The percentage of abnormal spermatozoa found in the ejaculate was negatively correlated (r = -0.649), while sperm concentration showed a poor correlation with SP (r = 0.327). Furthermore, concentration was shown to have no effect in samples containing over 5 million sperm/ml. The conclusion of this study is that the two major parameters of sperm quality determining the capacity of spermatozoa to penetrate cervical mucus are motility and the presence of normal forms of spermatozoa.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1978

Combined tubal and multiple intrauterine pregnancies following ovulation induction.

An infertile woman who conceived after human menopasual gonadotropin-induced ovulation experienced ovarian hyperstimulation and a quintuplet gestation--an ectopic and a quadruplet intrauterine pregnancy. The intrauterine pregnancy was confirmed by B-scan ultrasonography about the time that the tubal pregnancy was ruptured. Salpingectomy did not interfere with the intrauterine pregnancy, but in spite of a cervical cerclage the patient developed premature labor after about 26 weeks of gestation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural features in normal and hyperplastic postmenopausal endometrium.

Seven samples of postmenopausal endometrium were studied by electron microscopy. Four samples were diagnosed as adenomatous hyperplasia (2 of which were atypical) and 3 as normal postmenopausal endometrium. The most striking ultrastructural features of hyperplastic endometrium were: numerous nucleoli, deep nuclear membrane infoldings, increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio, prominent and enlarged RER closely associated with mitochondria and nuclear membrane, abundant free ribosomes and marked network microfilaments. In the case of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, the protruded intraglandular proliferating epithelial cells exhibited more atypical features than the epithelial cells of the glandular lining, suggesting a more advanced degree of anaplastic change. The characteristic features of the normal postmenopausal endometrium were: paucity and random distribution of the cytoplasmic organelles, the presence of large cytoplasmic vacuoles and short, blunt microvilli. Secretory vacuoles opening into the lumen of the gland were found in one case of cystic atrophy of a normal postmenopausal endometrium. Collagenization was found in the stroma of both groups, although predominantly in the normal postmenopausal endometrium. In 2 cases of adenomatous hyperplasia stromal cells with vacular cytoplasm were found. The significance of these findings, as related to their importance as precursor stages of endometrial cancer (in the cases of adenomatous and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia); as involutional manifestations (in the cases of normal postmenopausal endometrium); and as related to the absence of cyclic activity (in both groups) is briefly discussed.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1978

Effect of caffeine on sperm penetration rate into cervical mucus in-vitro.

A system for determination of sperm penetration into cervical mucus in a glass capillary tube is described. Repeated counts are made of the number of sperm at fixed horizontal distances from the semen reservoir. The yields indices for total numbers of spermatozoa entering the mucus per unit time and the rate migration of the sperm through the mucus. It was found that the rate of entry was sensitive to changes in motility such as those induced by caffeine, and differences in cervical mucus quality. The system allowed quantitation of these differences.

Caffeine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early pregnancy screening for neural tube defects in Israel.

A pilot project to detect neural tube defects (NTD) of the fetus by maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening of women in early pregnancy was initiated in Tel Aviv in 1982 at the instigation of the Israel Ministry of Health. The program was designed to be an extension of routine pregnancy care, which in this city is provided in municipal family clinics that are attended by about 50% of pregnant women before the 20th week of pregnancy. Of these women, 89% complied with the program. Women with a MSAFP level above a cutoff point of 2.4 multiples of the median (MOM) were invited for an ultrasound examination of the fetus, without having to repeat the MSAFP test, thereby reducing maternal anxiety. This deviation from the usual test system protocol did not impair sensitivity (87%), or specificity of the test on its own (95.6%), or in combination with ultrasound examination of the fetus and alpha-fetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase testing of the amniotic fluid (99.9%). The program detected 13 fetuses with an NTD; there were two false-negative results and one false-positive. The predictive value of a positive test was 93%. Its effectiveness as a preventive measure was impaired by the fact that 50% of pregnant women did not attend the family clinic before the 20th gestational week. An educational program for professionals and for the public is contemplated in order to reduce this proportion. Only 50% of normal twin pregnancies had an elevated MSAFP. A check on compliance with other screening systems during the interview for MSAFP screening led to the detection and elective abortion of two fetuses with Tay-Sachs disease. MSAFP screening in Israel is cost-effective rather than cost-beneficial.

Amniocentesis↗