Biomedical subjects

Göran Dahllöf

Publications and source records attributed to Göran Dahllöf.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Longitudinal scintigraphic study of parotid and submandibular gland function after total body irradiation in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Total body irradiation (TBI) and cyclophosphamide (CY) during allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) cause salivary gland dysfunction in children. The aim of this investigation was to study the scintigraphic functional changes over time of the parotid and submandibular glands in children and young adults one year after treatment with CY and TBI at ASCT. METHODS: Salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) was performed before ASCT, and 3-6 months and 12 months after ASCT. The three male patients who fulfilled the scintigraphic study had a mean age (+/- SD) of 17.3 +/- 9.8 years at ASCT. RESULTS: The parotid secretion capacity (SPar) was 83.5 +/- 3.2% before ASCT and 48.5 +/- 25.8% during the next 3-6 months (P < 0.05). The SPar did not increase (48.1 +/- 12.4%) during the rest of the first year after ASCT. The submandibular emptying capacity (SSub) was 91.3 +/- 12.9% before ASCT and 35.4 +/- 2.3% after 3-6 months (P < 0.05). The SSub was 87.9 +/- 17.9% one year after ASCT. CONCLUSIONS: The parotid glands were more sensitive to irradiation since they did not recover lost capacity to secrete saliva, while the submandibular glands recovered the secretion capacity at the one-year follow-up.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Oral health, dental anxiety, and behavior management problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common developmental disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether children with ADHD have a higher caries prevalence, a higher degree of dental anxiety, or more dental behavior management problems (BMP) than children of a control group. Twenty-five children with ADHD and a control group of 58 children, all aged 11 yr, were included in the study. The children underwent a clinical dental examination, and bitewing radiographs were taken. The parents completed the Dental Subscale of Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). Dental records from the subjects were obtained, and data regarding notes on behavior management problems (BMP) of the children when between 3 and 10 yr of age were compiled. Compared with controls, children with ADHD had significantly higher decayed, missing or filled surfaces (DMFS) (2.0 +/- 3.0 vs. 1.0 +/- 1.5) and significantly higher decayed surfaces (DS) (1.7 +/- 3.6 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.9). Differences between the groups regarding CFSS-DS scores were non-significant. In the ADHD group, the prevalence of BMP increased when the children were between 7 and 9 yr of age. In conclusion, children with ADHD exhibited a higher caries prevalence, did not exhibit a higher degree of dental anxiety, and had more BMP than children of a control group.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2005

Craniofacial development in obese adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate craniofacial morphology in obese adolescents and to compare the morphological data with those of normal adolescents. The study was based on measurements of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms of adolescents who had been diagnosed as obese. Linear and angular measurements were obtained from cephalometric tracings of 27 females (mean age 15.6 +/- 0.83 years) and 23 males (mean age 13.9 +/- 0.98 years). The data were compared with corresponding measurements of gender and age matched controls. The results showed that both males and females in the obesity group exhibited significantly larger mandibular and maxillary dimensions than the controls. On average, mandibular length (Cd-Pgn) was 10 mm greater in males and 8 mm greater in females. Maxillary length (Pm-A) was 3.5 mm greater in males and 3 mm greater in females. When considering vertical dimensions, lower anterior (Ans-Gn) and posterior (S-Go) face height were 4 and 5 mm greater in the obese males, respectively, while in the obese females both these distances were 4 mm greater compared with the controls. Both maxillary (SNA) and mandibular (SNB, SNPg) prognathism were more pronounced in the obesity group than in the control group. This also influenced the average soft tissue profile, which was less convex in the obesity groups. The mandibular plane angle (ML/SN) was smaller in the obesity group than in the control group. Craniofacial morphology differs between obese and normal adolescents. In general, obesity was associated with bimaxillary prognathism and relatively greater facial measurements.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Editorial.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Editorial Policies↗

PubMed2005

How do children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder interact in a clinical dental examination? A video analysis.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the most common behavioural disorder in school-age children. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed analysis of behavioural interactions between the dentist and the child patient with ADHD. All children born in 1991 (n = 555) in one Swedish municipality were screened for attention and learning problems, and assessed for ADHD. Twenty-two children with ADHD, and a control group of 47 children without attention and learning problems, were included in the study. The dental recall visit was recorded on video. The interaction between the dentist and the child was analysed in detail and scored as verbal and non-verbal initiatives and responses. Compared to the children in the control group, the children with ADHD made significantly more initiatives, especially initiatives that did not focus on the examination or the dentist. The children with ADHD had fewer verbal responses and more missing responses. In conclusion, the problems in communication resulted in less two-way communication between the dentist and the children with ADHD than the interaction between the dentist and the children in the control group. The children with ADHD had particular difficulties staying focused on the examination.

Attention↗

PubMed2004

Correlation between TNFalpha in gingival crevicular fluid and body mass index in obese subjects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI kg/m2), the inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and interleukin-8 (-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from 32 obese subjects aged between 13 and 24 years. Gingival inflammation (GBI %), pathological pocket depths, and alveolar bone loss diagnosed on radiographs were recorded. The GCF was collected from six sites per subject using periopaper, and the volume was determined using Peritron 8000. The levels of TNFalpha and IL-8 were determined using ELISA kits. Within the whole group, there was no significant relationship between BMI and the variables age, GBI %, number of periodontal pockets, smoking, and the levels of TNFalpha or IL-8. In subjects with BMI > or =40, however, there was a statistically significant correlation (r= 0.74, P< 0.01) between the level of TNFalpha in GCF and BMI. The correlation coefficient between BMI and TNFalpha in subjects with BMI > or =40 differed significantly (P< 0.05) compared to that between subjects with BMI <40. The level of TNFalpha in GCF was positively correlated (P< 0.05) with BMI in subjects with no periodontal pathological pocket. No significant correlation was found between the level of IL-8 and BMI. The results indicate that BMI positively correlates with TNFalpha in GCF in the group of young subjects with BMI > or =40 as well as in the subjects with no pathological periodontal pocket (> or =4 mm) and that TNFalpha in GCF may be affected by the obese condition through a systemic effect.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Efficacy and safety of two different rG-CSF preparations in the treatment of patients with severe congenital neutropenia.

In patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN), the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is raised during treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), resulting in a marked reduction of bacterial infection. Some patients, however, still have recurrent but less severe bacterial infections and severe periodontal infections. As it has been suggested that the biological activity of glycosylated recombinant human G-CSF (rHuG-CSF, i.e. lenograstim) is higher than the non-glycosylated form (i.e. filgrastim), we compared the two given in equimolar doses. Seven SCN patients participated in an open, randomized, double crossover study comprising 60 weeks, with four 12-week periods when the two drugs alternated after a 12-week run-in-period. The mean ANC values, sampled every second week, were 5.1 x 10(9)/l during filgrastim treatment and 4.2 x 10(9)/l during lenograstim treatment (P = 0.042). The ANC levels were also significantly higher during filgrastim treatment, when comparing each complementary pair of ANC measurements (P = 0.011) as well as the mean ANC values during each 12-week treatment period (P = 0.033). There were no differences regarding the frequency of infection, antibiotic treatment, gingival bleeding and the number of hospital admissions between the groups. We conclude that filgrastim and lenograstim displayed equal clinical efficacy, but that ANC levels were higher during filgrastim treatment, when administered in equimolar doses.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2004

A retrospective study of dental behavior management problems in children with attention and learning problems.

Attention and learning problems in children are common. The aim of this study was to investigate whether children with attention and learning problems had more dental behavior management problems (BMP), more cancelled and missed appointments, and more traumatic dental injuries compared with a control group. All children born in 1991 attending mainstream schools (n = 555) in one Swedish municipality were screened for behavioral and learning problems. Conners' 10-item questionnaire and a questionnaire focused on executive and learning problems were used. A total of 128 screen-positive patients were index cases and 131 screen-negative patients control cases. The dental records of these children were studied from 1 yr of age until the child reached 10 yr. Behavior management problems on at least one occasion were more common in the index group (54% vs. 37%). The percentage of appointments at which the children exhibited BMP was higher in the index group (13% vs. 7%). No differences were found for cancelled or missed appointments or dental traumatic injuries between the two groups. In conclusion, the results of this study show that children with attention and learning problems had significantly more dental behavior management problems compared with a control group.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2003

A four-year longitudinal study of palatal plate therapy in children with Down syndrome: effects on oral motor function, articulation and communication preferences.

The orofacial function in 20 children with Down syndrome was evaluated after 4 years of palatal plate therapy in 9 of the children (PPG); the remaining 11 were untreated age-matched controls (CG). All 20 children had received continuous orofacial physical therapy from their speech therapist during the treatment period. A clinical extra- and intraoral examination was performed, including oral motor function, facial expression, the occurrence of malocclusions, and hypertrophic tonsils. A questionnaire requesting data on breathing patterns, drooling, eating problems, and communicative preferences was answered by the parents. An articulation assessment was performed by two speech and language pathologists blinded to the treatment status of the children in order to find out whether the palatal plate had stimulated to improved oral speech behavior. The results for oral motor function showed significant differences between the groups in favor of the PPG for the summary variables for: visible tongue (P < 0.01), visible tongue during non-speech periods (P < 0.05), and lip-rounding during spontaneous speech (P < 0.01). During non-speech time, the PPG had their mouths open significantly less than the CG (P < 0.05). Expressivity of facial expression on a visual analog scale in the PPG scored 75.6 +/- 13.3 compared to 51.8 +/- 25.7 in the CG (P < 0.05). The intraoral examination showed that 6/9 children in the PPG and 7/11 in the CG had enlarged tonsils, resulting in more than 50% inter-tonsillary space reduction. Despite these findings, and no significant differences between the groups with respect to mouth/ nose breathing, nocturnal snoring was significantly less in the PPG than in the CG (P < 0.05), according to the parental questionnaire. After 4 years of palatal plate therapy, orofacial function had improved significantly in the 9 PPG children and specifically in terms of tongue position and lip activity.

Articulation Disorders↗

PubMed2002

Craniofacial morphology in obese adolescents.

Overweight and obesity are growing problems in the world today. A recent survey shows that about 30% of the adolescent and adult Swedish population is overweight or obese. The etiology is a combination of many factors, the most important of which are physical inactivity and high caloric diet. Obese children have a normal to accelerated growth rate despite low growth hormone (GH) levels. The aim of our study was to investigate whether craniofacial morphology differs between obese adolescents and normal weight adolescents. Lateral cephalograms from 39 adolescents with obesity, aged 14-16 years, were analysed and compared with lateral cephalograms from an equal number of sex- and aged-matched controls. Compared to the controls, the subjects in the obesity group showed increased mandibular length, prognathic jaws and a reduced upper anterior face height. Despite low GH levels, obese children have normal levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Since we found an advanced craniofacial growth in obese adolescents with low GH and high IGF-1 serum levels, craniofacial growth may be more dependent on free circulating LGF-1 than on the locally produced portion.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

The effect of growth hormone therapy on mandibular and cranial base development in children treated with total body irradiation.

The aim of the present investigation was to study craniomandibular development during growth hormone (GH) therapy in nine girls and one boy, aged between 7.3 and 16 years, who exhibited pronounced growth reduction after total body irradiation (TBI) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Age- and sex-matched healthy children with normal dentofacial development constituted the control material. The investigation data were based on measurements made on lateral skull radiographs taken at the start and, on average, 6 months after cessation of GH treatment. The control group comprised similar longitudinal cephalographic records. The results showed that GH therapy in patients who exhibited growth retardation after TBI and BMT had only a minor effect on cranial base dimensions, probably due to the fact that the development of this area is completed at a relatively early age. The effect of GH treatment on mandibular growth was very obvious. The dimensional increase of the mandibular variables in the patients was equivalent to, or in some cases even exceeded, that of the controls. In relation to basion, the mandibular condyles were displaced in a backward/upward direction in the patient group. Displacement in the opposite direction was recorded in the controls. It seems likely that the development seen in the patients is a reflection of a normalization of the condyle-fossa relationship made possible by enhanced condylar growth. This change should be advantageous for the function of the craniomandibular complex.

Acute Disease↗