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Biomedical subjects

Gaik Cheng Ooi

Publications and source records attributed to Gaik Cheng Ooi.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Radiologic manifestations of primary solitary extramedullary and multiple solitary plasmacytomas.

OBJECTIVE: Primary solitary extramedullary and multiple solitary plasmacytomas are rare manifestations of plasma cell tumors. This study reviews their imaging spectrum in 12 patients. CONCLUSION: Imaging features of primary solitary extramedullary and multiple solitary plasmacytomas are nonspecific but are compatible with solid tumors that are isointense on T1-weighted images and iso- to hyperintense on T2-weighted images relative to muscle and white matter with variable enhancement. Large tumors may show necrosis and destruction, infiltration, or encasement of adjacent structures. Multiplicity of lesions and regional lymphadenopathy were evident on imaging in only five cases each. Imaging alone cannot differentiate these tumors from more common malignant entities such as carcinoma, meningioma in cases of intracranial extramedullary plasmacytomas, or metastasis from other primaries. The role of imaging should be focused on early detection of additional or recurrent lesions and the presence of regional lymphadenopathy, which will influence clinical management.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

White-matter diffusion anisotropy after chemo-irradiation: a statistical parametric mapping study and histogram analysis.

The aim of the study was to evaluate white-matter (WM) diffusion anisotropy in medulloblastoma survivors after cranial irradiation and chemotherapy using voxel-based analysis with SPM99 and fractional anisotropy (FA) histogram-derived indices, and to identify quantitative indices for detecting and monitoring children with treatment-induced white-matter injury. Familywise error rate (FWE) that corrects for multiple comparisons was used to locate statistically significant regions of P < 0.05 in voxel-based analysis. Subsequently, the false discovery rate (FDR) controlling procedure (corrected P < 0.05) was used. FA map histogram analysis of histogram-derived indices, mean FA, mean FA peak height, and peak location was performed. Two-sample t test was used in all analyses. Using FWE-corrected P < 0.05, there was a cluster of reduced anisotropy in the periventricular white matter lateral to the left ventricular atrium. When FDR-corrected P < 0.05 was used, there were multiple clusters of reduced anisotropy in the periventricular white matter, the corpus callosum, and corona radiata. Simplified voxel-based morphometry (VBM)-like analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not show significant differences between patient and control subjects. 'White-matter FA map' histogram showed significant reduction in mean FA and mean FA peak location and significant increase in mean FA peak height in the patient group compared to control subjects (P = 0.003, P = 0.003, and P = 0.014, respectively). This approach of quantifying FA can be applied to characterize anisotropy in the white matter after cranial irradiation and chemotherapy and can potentially be used to detect and monitor treatment-induced neurotoxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

SARS: radiological features.

Air-space disease is typical in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and may be indistinguishable from pneumonia of other causes. In the majority of patients, ground glass opacities on chest radiographs progress rapidly to focal, multifocal or diffuse consolidation. Unilateral involvement is common in the early acute phase, becoming bilateral at maximal lung involvement. Generally, radiographic opacities peak between 8 and 10 days after onset of illness, with radiographic scores reflecting temporal changes in clinical and laboratory parameters such as oxygen saturation (SaO2) and liver transaminases. Pleural effusions, cavitating consolidation and mediastinal lymphadenopathy are not typical radiographic features. Pneumomediastinum and pneumothoraces are complications that are associated with extensive disease, with or without assisted ventilation. The utility of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and CT scans lies in the confirmation of airspace opacities in cases with normal initial chest radiographs that have strong contact history and signs and symptoms highly suspicious of SARS during the outbreak, allowing early treatment and prompt isolation. The characteristic HRCT feature in the acute phase is ground-glass opacities with smooth interlobular septal thickening, sometimes with consolidation in a subpleural location, which progress rapidly to involve other areas of the lungs. Temporal lung changes documented on HRCT suggest that some residual opacities found may not be reversible.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Transarterial chemoembolization for inoperable, early stage hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Child-Pugh grade A and B: results of a comparative study in 96 Chinese patients.

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in prolongation of survival is controversial. We conducted a comparative study to determine whether TACE treatment had any survival benefit for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and with relatively preserved liver function. METHODS: In all, 96 patients with unresectable HCC of Okuda stage I or II and Child-Pugh grade A or B were recruited. A total of 80 patients (group 1) who received TACE were compared to 16 patients (group 2) who were treated conservatively. RESULTS: The median survival time of group 1 patients was significantly longer than that of group 2 patients (31.2 vs 14.1 months respectively, p = 0.0126). The cumulative survival rates at 6 months, 1 yr, 2 yr, 3 yr, and 4 yr of group 1 compared to group 2 were as follows: 93.8% versus 62.5% (p = 0.002); 86.3% versus 62.5% (p = 0.023); 78.8% versus 50% (p = 0.017); 57.5% versus 50% (p = ns); and 51.3% versus 43.8% (p = ns), respectively. Tumor response was observed in 28% of patients receiving TACE. Patients with higher pretreatment albumin levels, lower pretreatment alpha-fetoprotein levels, and Okuda stage I disease were associated with a favorable response to TACE. CONCLUSION: TACE treatment improved survival in patients with unresectable HCC in the early stages and with relatively preserved liver function.

Adult↗