Biomedical subjects

Galal T Maatooq

Publications and source records attributed to Galal T Maatooq.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Metabolism of daidzein by Nocardia species NRRL 5646 and Mortierella isabellina ATCC 38063.

The phytoestrogen daidzein was metabolized by Nocardia species NRRL 5646 to give two metabolites obtained by hydroxylation and methylation. These metabolites were spectrally characterized as 7-methoxy-4'-hydroxyisoflavone (isoformononetin) and 7,8-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyisoflavone. Mortierella isabellina ATCC 38063 was able to metabolize daidzein to the unusual metabolite daidzein-4'-rhamnopyranoside.

Hydroxylation↗

PubMed2002

Microbial metabolism of partheniol by Mucor circinelloides.

Six new partheniol metabolites were isolated from the biotransformation reaction with Mucor circinelloides ATCC 15242. These metabolites are: humula-1(10), 4, 7-trien-6alpha-ol 2, maali-3-en-8alpha-ol 3, aromadendrane-4alpha, 8alpha, 10alpha-triol 4, maaliane-4alpha, 8alpha, 9alpha-triol 5, maaliane-5alpha, 8alpha, 9alpha-triol 6, 5(9), 6-tricyclohumulane-4alpha, 8alpha, 10alpha-triol 7. The structural assignments of these metabolites were made possible by different spectroscopic means.

Biotransformation↗

PubMed2002

Triterpenoids from Parthenium argentatum x P. tomentosa.

Four tetracyclic triterpenoids and lupeol were isolated from the hybrid Parthenium argentatum x P. tomentosa. The new triterpenoids were identified as 16, 24-epoxy-3 alpha-hydroxylanost-8-ene (argentatin E); 16, 24-epoxy-25-hydroxycycloart-1, 11, 22-trien-3-one (argentatin F); 16,24-dihydroxycycloart-20, 25-dien-3-one (argentatin G) and 16, 24-dihydroxycycloart-25-en-3-one (argentatin H). The chemical identities of these compounds were confirmed by the different spectrometric measurements.

Asteraceae↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pyridine alkaloids from a Parthenium hybrid.

Two pyridine alkaloids were isolated from the derubberized resin of the hybrid Parthenium argentatum x P tomentosa. These alkaloids are (+/-)-N-[4-(1-aminoethyl) phenyl]-4-[3-methylbutenylidine]-1,4-dihydropyridine (guayulamine A) and (+/-)-N-[4-(1-aminoethyl) phenyl]-4-[4-methylpentenylidine]-1, 4-dihydropyridine (guayulamine B). The structures were established by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Alkaloids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Microbial thansformation of a mixture of argentatin A and incanilin.

The biotransformation of a mixture of argentatin A (20%) 1 and incanilin (80%) 2 by Gibberella suabinetti ATCC 20193 and Septomyxa affinis ATCC 6737 demonstrated the conversion of incanilin to 16beta-hydroxylanosta-2, 8, 23-triene, while argentatin A did not react. The acetate of this triterpenoid mixture was biotransformed by Septomyxa affinis ATCC 6737 to give five metabolites. Argentatin A acetate was transformed to 3beta, 16beta,30-trihydroxycycloart-20, 24-diene, 20R, 24R-epoxy-16beta, 25-dihydroxy-3, 4-seco-cycloart-4(28)-en-3-oic acid acetate and 20R, 24R-epoxy-16beta, 25-dihydroxy-3, 4-seco-cycloart-4(28)-en-3-oic acid. Incanilin acetate was converted to 16beta-hydroxylanosta-2, 8, 23-triene and 20R, 24R-epoxy-16beta, 25-dihydroxy-3, 4-seco-lanost-1, 4(28), 8-trien-3-oic acid acetate. The structural elucidations of these metabolites were achieved by different spectroscopic methods.

Asteraceae↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A new triterpene saponin from Chenopodium ficifolium.

The new triterpene saponin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 28-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid oleanolate was isolated from the roots of Chenopodium ficifolium. The known compounds stigmasterol-3-O-glucoside and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, 28-beta-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolate were also isolated. The latter compound, oleanolic acid, beta-sitosterol and its glucoside were isolated from the aerial parts. The identity of these compounds was verified through different chemical and physico-chemical evidences including different 1D and 2D NMR experiments.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Microbial transformation of a beta- and gamma-eudesmols mixture.

Beta- and gamma-eudesmols mixture was microbiologically transformed by Gibberella suabinetti ATCC 20193. Seven different eudesmanoidal metabolites (3-9) were isolated and their structures were elucidated by the different spectroscopic techniques. These metabolites are: eudesma-4-en-11-ol-3-one (carissone), eudesma-3-en-2beta, 11-diol, eudesma-4-en-3beta,11-diol, eudesma-4(15)-en-8,11-diol, eudesma-4(15)-en-2a,11-diol (pterocarpol), 1(3)cyclo-eudesma-4(15)-en-11,12-diol and eudesma-4-en-11,15-diol.

Biotransformation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Microbial conversion of partheniol by Calonectria decora.

The biotransformation of partheniol by the fungus Calonectria decora ATCC 14767, produced six metabolites. These metabolites are; aromadendr-1(10)-en-8alpha -ol; 5(9),6-tricyclohumul-1(10)-en-8alpha-ol; 4,15-didehydro-6-bicyclohumulan-8a,10alpha-diol; 5(9),6-tricyclohumulan-4a,8alpha-diol; maalian-la,8alpha-diol and 14-epi-1(4)-epoxymaalian-8alpha-ol. The identities of these metabolites were established by different spectroscopic measurements.

Bacteria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Limonoids from Citrus reticulata.

The seeds of Citrus reticulata afforded the new limonoid derivative, isolimonexic acid methyl ether, in addition to the previously isolated limonin, deacetylnomilin, obacunone and ichangin. The structure elucidation was achieved primarily through 1D and 2-D-NMR analyses. The marginal antimalarial activity of isolimonexic acid methyl ether is reported.

Antimalarials↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chemistry and immunomodulatory activity of frankincense oil.

The yield of steam distillation of frankincense essential oil (3%); and its physicochemical constants were determined. Capillary GC/MS technique was used for the analysis of the oil. Several oil components were identified based upon comparison of their mass spectral data with those of reference compounds published in literature or stored in a computer library. The oil was found to contain monoterpenes (13.1%), sesquiterpenes (1%), and diterpenes (42.5%). The major components of the oil were duva-3,9,13-trien-1,5alpha-diol-1-acetate (21.4%), octyl acetate (13.4%), o-methyl anisole (7.6%), naphthalene decahydro-1,1,4a-trimethyl-6-methylene-5-(3-methyl-2-pentenyl) (5.7%), thunbergol (4.1%), phenanthrene-7-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a-dodecahydro-1,1,4a,7-tetramethyl (4.1%), alpha-pinene (3.1%), sclarene (2.9%), 9-cis-retinal (2.8%), octyl formate (1.4%), verticiol (1.2%) decyl acetate (1.2%), n-octanol (1.1%). The chemical profile of the oil is considered as a chemotaxonomical marker that confirmed the botanical and geographical source of the resin. Biologically, the oil exhibited a strong immunostimulant activity (90% lymphocyte transformation) when assessed by a lymphocyte proliferation assay.

Boswellia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Microbiological and chemical transformations of argentatin B.

Argentatin B is a naturally occurring tetracyclic triterpene isolated from Parthenium argentatum x P. tomentosa. It was microbiologically transformed to 16, 24-epoxycycloartan-3alpha, 25-diol, (isoargentatin D), by Nocardia corallina var. taoka ATCC 31338, Mycobacterium species NRRL B3683 and Septomyxa affinis ATCC 6737. The later microbe also produced 16, 24-epoxycycloartan-3beta, 25-diol (argentatin D) and 1, 2-didehydroargentatin B, (isoargentatin D). Sodium hydroxide converted argentatin B to argentatin D and isoargentatin D. Hydrochloric acid treatment gave cycloartan-25-ol-3, 24-dione. Cerium sulfate/sulfuric acid/aqueous methanol induced scission of the isopropanol moiety and provided an isomeric mixture of 24-methoxy-25-27-trinorargentatin B. Oxidation of this isomeric mixture with pyridinium chlorochromate, selectively, attacked the isomer with the equatorial proton at position-24 to give the corresponding lactone, 24-oxo-25-27-trinorargentatin B. The produced compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods.

Asteraceae↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunomodulatory triterpenoids from the oleogum resin of Boswellia carterii Birdwood.

The immunomodulatory bioassay-guided fractionation of the oleogum resin of frankincense (Boswellia carterii Birdwood) resulted in the isolation and identification of 9 compounds; palmitic acid and eight triterpenoids belonging to lupane, ursane, oleanane, and tirucallane skeleta were isolated form the resin. These triterpenoids are lupeol, beta-boswellic acid, 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, acetyl beta-boswellic acid, acetyl 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, acetyl-alpha-boswellic acid, 3-oxo-tirucallic acid, and 3-hydroxy-tirucallic acid. The structures of the isolated compounds were deduced based on spectroscopic evidences. The lymphocyte transformation assay of the isolated compounds proved that the total extract retained more activity than that of any of the purified compounds.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Antioxidant and immunomodulatory constituents of henna leaves.

The immunomodulatory bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of henna (Lawsonia inermis L.; syn. Lawsonia alba L.) leaves resulted in the isolation of seven compounds; three have been isolated for the first time from the genus, namely p-coumaric acid, 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and apiin, along with the previously isolated compounds: lawsone, apigenin, luteolin, and cosmosiin. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was based upon their physical, chemical as well as spectroscopic characters. Their immuomodulatory profile was studied using an in vitro immunoassay, the lymphocyte transformation assay. The ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], free radical scavenging assay depicted that all isolated compounds exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to that of ascorbic acid.

Antioxidants↗