Biomedical subjects

Gerald Spotts

Publications and source records attributed to Gerald Spotts.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Frequent methamphetamine use is associated with primary non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance.

We determined whether methamphetamine use is associated with the increased prevalence of primary HIV drug resistance among a cohort of men who have sex with men recently infected with HIV. In multivariate analysis, we found that frequent methamphetamine use was strongly associated with primary non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance, but not with protease inhibitor or nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance. We postulate that this association may be caused by methamphetamine-associated treatment interruptions among source partners.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Elevations in IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma from the earliest point of HIV Type 1 infection.

Perturbations of plasma IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma were measured longitudinally in HIV-1 seroconverting plasma donors and were compared to subjects with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. Control groups included uninfected patients with symptoms and risks for primary HIV-1, healthy controls, and asymptomatic plasma donors with primary HCV. IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma rapidly rose in acute HIV-1 infection, while IL-13 predominated in acute HCV. Subjects with symptomatic primary HIV-1 had higher cytokine levels than asymptomatic subjects, statistically significant for TNF-alpha. Cytokine alterations occurred within 7 days of detectable HIV-1 viremia, emphasizing the need to study the earliest events of infection.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed2006

Stability of ADVATE, Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) Plasma/Albumin-Free Method, during simulated continuous infusion.

Continuous infusion of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates during surgical procedures offers the potential for improved hemostatic control and reduced FVIII consumption, but requires stable FVIII concentrates. The stability of ADVATE, Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Plasma/Albumin-Free Method (rAHF-PFM), was examined using various simulated conditions. Experiments performed with a multi-therapy 6060 pump showed FVIII recoveries of 95% or more after 48 h for multiple lots of high-potency and mid-potency rAHF-PFM, with or without heparin. Non-infused controls maintained at the same temperature showed similar FVIII recovery, demonstrating that the infusion system did not cause loss of FVIII activity. Supportive data generated using single lots of mid-potency or high-potency rAHF-PFM infused through a MEDEX or HARVARD syringe pump, or a CADD Pump-1, demonstrated FVIII recoveries of 83% or more at 24 or 48 h under all conditions tested. Additionally, rAHF-PFM was stable immediately after dilution in saline or saline/dextrose solutions, and after a 10-h exposure to ultraviolet and visible light. Taken together, these data demonstrate that rAHF-PFM is stable under conditions typically encountered during continuous infusion, and suggest that rAHF-PFM should be safe and effective when used for FVIII replacement by continuous infusion in patients with hemophilia A.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗

PubMed2005

Expansion of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in patients with primary HIV-1 infection treated with interleukin-2.

Innate CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are infected and lost in HIV-1-infected patients, and this could contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis because NKT cells play an important role in directing both adaptive and innate immunity. Administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to HIV-1-infected patients leads to substantial and sustained CD4+ T-cell expansion, involving both naive and memory cells. We investigated whether IL-2 treatment could restore the NKT cell compartment in patients with primary HIV-1 infection. We show that IL-2 combined with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulted in significant expansion of CD1d-restricted NKT cells. Expansion occurred in both the CD4- and CD4+ subsets of NKT cells, and expanded cells expressed the CD161 maturation marker while expression of the HIV coreceptor CCR5 was reduced. These data indicate that IL-2 treatment in combination with effective ART is beneficial for the restoration of innate NKT cell immunity in patients with primary HIV-1 infection.

Adult↗