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Biomedical subjects

Gerard E Hogarty

Publications and source records attributed to Gerard E Hogarty.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Cognitive enhancement therapy improves emotional intelligence in early course schizophrenia: preliminary effects.

This research examined the preliminary effects of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET) on social cognition in early course schizophrenia, using an objective, performance-based measure of emotional intelligence. Individuals in the early course of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either CET (n=18) or Enriched Supportive Therapy (n=20), and assessed at baseline and after 1 year of treatment with the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. A series of analyses of covariance showed highly significant (p=.005) and large (Cohen's d=.96) effects favoring CET for improving emotional intelligence, with the most pronounced improvements occurring in patients' ability to understand and manage their own and others' emotions. These findings lend preliminary support to the previously documented benefits of CET on social cognition in schizophrenia, and suggest that such benefits can be extended to patients in the early course of the illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Durability and mechanism of effects of cognitive enhancement therapy.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether previously reported effects of cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) are maintained one year after treatment. CET is a developmental, small-group approach to the remediation of neurocognitive and social-cognitive deficits among persons with schizophrenia. A mechanism of action that might explain the effects of CET was also sought. METHODS: After a study in which 121 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to CET (N=67) or an enriched supportive therapy (EST) (N=54) for a two-year period, 106 patients who completed treatment underwent behavioral and neuropsychological assessments one year later. Data were analyzed by linear trend analysis. Mechanisms of action were explored with a mediator analytic strategy. RESULTS: Significant improvement favoring CET continued through the follow-up year on composite measures of processing speed, cognitive style, social cognition, and social adjustment. The difference between CET and EST on the neurocognition composite measure was not maintained because the stress-regulating effects of treatment appeared to lead to improved neurocognitive performance in both groups. Early improvement in processing speed was a strong (partial) mediator of long-term CET effects on social cognition and social adjustment. To a lesser extent, early improvement in neurocognition partially mediated changes in cognitive style (impoverished, disorganized, or rigid) in the CET group but had little influence on social adjustment or social cognition in the CET group. CONCLUSIONS: Most effects of the highly efficacious CET were sustained one year after treatment. Early improvement in processing speed (and perhaps other unassessed aspects of attention) seems to be the principal mediator of CET effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Cognitive enhancement therapy for schizophrenia: effects of a 2-year randomized trial on cognition and behavior.

BACKGROUND: Deficits in social cognition and neurocognition are believed to underlie schizophrenia disability. Attempts at rehabilitation have had circumscribed effects on cognition, without concurrent improvement in broad aspects of behavior and adjustment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the differential effects of cognitive enhancement therapy (a recovery-phase intervention) on cognition and behavior compared with state-of-the-art enriched supportive therapy. DESIGN: A 2-year, randomized controlled trial with neuropsychological and behavioral assessments completed at baseline and at 12 and 24 months. SETTING: An outpatient research clinic housed in a medical center's comprehensive care service for patients with severe mental illness. PATIENTS: A total of 121 symptomatically stable, non-substance-abusing but cognitively disabled and chronically ill patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. INTERVENTIONS: Cognitive enhancement therapy is a multidimensional, developmental approach that integrates computer-assisted training in neurocognition with social cognitive group exercises. Enriched supportive therapy fosters illness management through applied coping strategies and education. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Six highly reliable summary measures--Processing Speed, Neurocognition, Cognitive Style, Social Cognition, Social Adjustment and Symptoms--were tested using analysis of covariance and linear trend analysis. RESULTS: At 12 months, robust cognitive enhancement therapy effects were observed on the Neurocognition and Processing Speed composites (P<.003), with marginal effects observed on the behavioral composites. By 24 months, differential cognitive enhancement therapy effects were again observed for the 2 neuropsychological composites and for Cognitive Style (P=.001), Social Cognition (P=.001), and Social Adjustment (P=.01). As expected, no differences were observed on the residual Symptoms composite. Effects were unrelated to the type of antipsychotic medication received. Enriched supportive therapy also demonstrated statistically significant within-group effect sizes, suggesting that supportive psychotherapy can also have positive, although more modest, effects on cognitive deficits. CONCLUSION: Many cognitive deficits and related behaviors of patients with stable schizophrenia are improved when sufficient exposure to relevant rehabilitation is provided.

Adult↗