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Biomedical subjects

Gerard ShuTangyie

Publications and source records attributed to Gerard ShuTangyie.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Provider perceptions of key barriers to providing state-of-the-art clinical care for HIV-infected African-American patients.

U.S. AIDS rates have declined among same population groups; however, African-Americans and other ethnic minorities have experienced the least amount of decline. As a result medical and public health authorities are tasked with developing strategies to help eliminate the disparity in HIV/AIDS incidence rate and clinical outcomes. Thus, in 1999, the National Minority AIDS Education and Training Center (NMAETC) was developed to facilitate training, clinical consultation and technical assistance to clinicians that provide care to HIV-infected minority patients. Its initial activities were designed solely to increase providers' clinical capacity to use state-of-art anti-retroviral therapies to treat and manage the disease. However, through focused discussions with target providers and a survey of medical care service sites, the NMAETC confirms that provider' training and assistance needs extend into non-medical domains.

Black or African American↗

Hypernatremia in the elderly.

Hypernatremia is defined as a plasma sodium concentration greater than 145meq/liter. This is primarily due to water loss in adults although increased salt ingestion may be a cause for it. When plasma sodium concentration rises above 145meq/liter, thirst is stimulated, this results in ingestion of water. Hypothalamic osmoreceptors cause synthesis and release of an antidiuretic hormone. Normal renal response causes reabsorption that prevents further loss of water. These normal physiological responses help bring plasma sodium back to normal. Persistent hypernatremia, therefore, implies an inability to sense thirst or lack of access to water, since ingestion of water will prevent development of significant hypernatremia even in the absence of antidiuretic hormone release or lack of renal response to its effect. Elderly persons have decreased thirst, and therefore, ingest less amounts of water than their younger counterparts. Hospitalized elderly patients and frail nursing home residents are at an increased risk for the development of hypernatremia because they rely on others for their water needs. Therefore, adequate water must be prescribed and given to these individuals. In this article, we review the risk factors, pathophysiology, causes, prevention, and management of hypernatremia in the elderly.

Aged↗