Biomedical subjects

Gerardo Guinto-Balanzar

Publications and source records attributed to Gerardo Guinto-Balanzar.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypophyseal macroadenomas. A neurosurgical challenge].

Management of pituitary adenoma is a real challenge because of neurovascular structures that surround the sellar region. In this paper we included 336 patients with pituitary tumors greater than 10 mm in diameter to make an analysis of surgical results. In this group, a discrete female predominance was found, with an average of 43.2 years of age and 21.5 mm in diameter of lesions. The clinical course was dominated by headache and visual deficit and only one quarter of patients had functioning tumors. The majority of the tumors were operated on by a transsphenoidal approach; in 72% of cases, the lesion was completely removed. Visual recovery was observed in 68% of patients, better in those who had a shorter clinical course; on the other hand, only 34 of 84 patients with functioning tumors could be cured. Complications were specially related to growing pattern of adenoma and its consistency. Even though higher morbidity and mortality was found in patients operated on by craniotomy, they also had the most complex lesions. Based on our experience, we are proposing here some recommendations to chose correctly the best surgical option and to avoid complications. Finally, we designed a diagram showing the critical route for optimal treatment of these lesions.

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompetent patients].

Primary central nervous system lymphoma has been traditionally described in patients with immunodeficiency syndromes; however, there is an increasing number of immunocompetent patients with this type of tumor that have been reported recently. In this paper we have retrospectively analyzed 22 immunocompetent patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary lymphoma of the brain. The mean age in this group was 65 years with a similar male/female ratio. The time of evolution of the clinical course was 80.4 days and it was mainly characterized by headache and focal neurological deficit. In four patients multiple lesions were observed, while the remaining presented single lesions mainly located in the periventricular area of the cerebral hemispheres. All patients were initially administered steroids and a stereotactic biopsy was performed. The majority of tumors were histologically classified as diffuse large cells and all of them showed a positive reaction to B-cells antigens on immunohistochemistry. All patients were treated with radiotherapy and in 10 of them, chemotherapy with methotrexate was also indicated. The mean survival rate was II months among patients treated with radiotherapy alone and increased to 36 months when chemotherapy was added.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Soft palate transnasal retractor].

INTRODUCTION: An anterior transoral approach allows the surgeon to access the lower portion of the clivus; to the first, second or third thoracic vertebra. It is indispensible that the teeth, lips, cheeks and tongue be retracted to avoid interposition on the surgical field. This retraction is carried out by means of a Dingman separator. Nevertheless, generally the soft palate is elevated with sutures through the nasal fossa. Because this invasive method could damage soft tissues, we have designed a basket to separate the soft palate from the surgical field, thus allowing the surgeon to maneuver with comfort and without damaging structures. TECHNIQUE: A 30-cm segment of 22 gauge wire is passed through each end of a thin sheet of silicon (4 x 3 x 1.5 cm) forming a basket. With the patient under general anesthesia, both free ends of the wire are introduced into the buccal cavity in the same manner nasal packing is used to control epistaxis. Each end of the wire is slid from the mouth through the nasal fossa to bring them outside the face. Traction is placed on both ends of the wire allowing the intraoral band of silicon to elevate and hold the soft palate. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 64-year-old woman with spastic quadriparesis and hyperreflexia predominantly of the upper extremities, in addition to trophic changes due to arthritis of long duration. Imaging studies demonstrated nonreducible subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint with ventral compression of the bulbomedullar union by the odontoid apophysis. Resection of the anterior arch of the atlas and apophyses was made via the transoral route, where retraction of the soft palate by means of the described basket was employed. The patient did not experience significant sequelae as a result of the technique utilized.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗