Biomedical subjects

Gerhard Dammann

Publications and source records attributed to Gerhard Dammann.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Anxiety trait modulates psychophysiological reactions, but not habituation processes related to affective auditory stimuli.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that there are specific peripheral activation patterns associated with the emotional valence of sounds. However, it is unclear how these effects adapt over time. The personality traits influencing these processes are also not clear. Anxiety disorders influence the autonomic activation related to emotional processing. However, personality anxiety traits have never been studied in the context of affective auditory stimuli. METHODS: Heart rate, skin conductance, zygomatic muscle activity and subjective rating of emotional valence and arousal were recorded in healthy subjects during the presentation of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral sounds. Recordings were repeated 1 week later to examine possible time-dependent changes related to habituation and sensitization processes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was not a generalized habituation or sensitization process related to the repeated presentation of affective sounds, but rather, specific adaptation processes for each physiological measure. These observations are consistent with previous studies performed with affective pictures and simple tones. Thus, the measures of skin conductance activity showed the strongest changes over time, including habituation during the first presentation session and sensitization at the end of the second presentation session, whereas the facial electromyographic activity habituated only for the neutral stimuli and the heart rate did not habituate at all. Finally, we showed that the measure of personality trait anxiety influenced the orienting reaction to affective sounds, but not the adaptation processes related to the repeated presentation of these sounds.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

No significant effect of acute moderate alcohol intake on leptin levels in healthy male volunteers.

As, for ethical reasons, it is difficult to investigate by an experiment the effect of acute intoxication on leptin levels in alcoholics, we tested the hypothesis of lowered levels as an effect of acute ethanol intake in healthy volunteers. The subjects comprised (1) 17 healthy male participants, recruited via newspaper advertisements [age 29+/-3.75 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.3+/-3.5, leptin at baseline 3.3+/-3.1 ng/ml]; (2) for comparison, leptin levels of 16 male alcoholic patients at day 1 of withdrawal were used. They were characterized as follows: (mean, median, standard deviation and range) age in years (41.1, 40.5, 10.2, 24, 57), BMI (23.3, 21.7, 5.4, 16.6, 37.5), 1,032 g of ethanol (median) consumed within the last 7 days, leptin levels 2.3 mg/ml. A placebo-controlled double-blind trial was performed. Leptin levels of blood samples were taken at baseline (t(1)), before ethanol intake (t(2)), when blood alcohol had reached its maximum (t(3)) and the morning after (t(4)). The oral dose of ethanol administered was 0.6 g/kg ethanol. (1) VOLUNTEERS: (a) the ethanol and placebo group exhibited leptin levels corresponding closely with levels measured at baseline (t(1)) (rs=0.85, p<0.0001) and follow-up (t(4)) (rs=0.768, p<0.0001). (b) Leptin levels for the placebo and the alcohol-consuming (verum) group did not differ significantly at baseline, after ethanol intake or on the morning after [Mann-Whitney U-test (p=0.669, p=1.0 and p=0.887, respectively)]. (2) Leptin levels in relation to BMI did not significantly differ at any measurement time in either group. (3) Leptin levels/BMI of the healthy volunteers at t(1) and t(4) were not significantly different from those of 16 alcoholics. The data do not support the hypothesis of a significant effect of acute moderate alcohol intake on leptin levels in healthy volunteers.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Psychosocial situation of living donors: moods, complaints, and self-image before and after liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has developed into an established therapy for terminal liver diseases. There is, however, little knowledge of the psychosocial situation of living donors. The aim of this study was to investigate the course of donors' moods, physical complaints, and self-image in the preoperative decision process and six months after surgery. MATERIAL/METHODS: Fifty-two potential donors were evaluated at the Charité Berlin. On the basis of the clinical interview, seven (13%) potential donors were not recommended for LDLT for psychosocial reasons. Twenty-six donors underwent liver resection and were re-evaluated six months after surgery. Donors' moods were investigated with the Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BMQ) and their physical complaints were assessed by the Giessen Complaint Questionnaire (GCQ). The Narcissism Inventory (NI-90) was used to assess their self-image. RESULTS: Potential donors who were not recommended for surgery showed significantly higher values for negative moods, physical complaints, and 'narcissistic rage". After surgery, donors' self-images were generally stabilized. Nevertheless, five donors (19%) showed high values for "threatened self" before and after transplantation, as well as high values for negative moods and complaints after LDLT. CONCLUSIONS: The resection of the right hepatic lobe holds promise of a good psychosocial outcome, with stable self-image and self-esteem for most donors. A minority of donors exhibited enhanced perception of distress and low self-esteem before and after surgery, which can easily be overlooked in the preoperative evaluation. A psychometric assessment of self-image before transplantation should be added to the clinical interview evaluation of potential living donors.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Differential sex-independent amygdala response to infant crying and laughing in parents versus nonparents.

BACKGROUND: Animal and human studies implicate forebrain neural circuits in maternal behavior. Here, we hypothesized that human brain response to emotional stimuli relevant for social interactions between infants and adults are modulated by sex- and experience-dependent factors. METHODS: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and examined brain response to infant crying and laughing in mothers and fathers of young children and in women and men without children. RESULTS: Women but not men, independent of their parental status, showed neural deactivation in the anterior cingulate cortex, as indexed by decreased blood oxygenation level-dependent signal, in response to both infant crying and laughing. The response pattern changed fundamentally with parental experience: in the amygdala and interconnected limbic regions, parents (independent of sex) showed stronger activation from crying, whereas nonparents showed stronger activation from laughing. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show sex- and experience-dependent modulation of brain response to infant vocalizations. Successful recognition and evaluation of infant vocalizations can be critical for bonding mechanisms and for offspring well-being and survival. Thus, the modulation of responses by experience seems to represent an adaptive mechanism that can be related to reproductive fitness.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2003

[Differential diagnosis of psychotic symptoms in adolescents and young adults with borderline personality disorder].

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews findings and problems of differential diagnosis between Borderline personality disorders and schizophrenic illness in adolescents and young adults with psychotic symptoms. METHOD: Therefore relevant especially psychodynamically oriented publications were analysed and related to clinical experiences. RESULTS: Differential diagnostic classification of psychotic symptoms in this age group is difficult, especially when disorder criteria are not yet completely met. Differential diagnostic hints which can indicate severe adjustment problems, Borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia as well as specific diagnostic difficulties are presented in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: Well-reasoned differential diagnosis reveals significant findings for treatment options.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMedDate not supplied

P300 subcomponents in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Hyperactivity in the frontal cortex, leading to acceleration of attentional and cognitive processes, is discussed as pathogenetic factor in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as supported by findings of neuroimaging studies. This dysfunction in patients with OCD could be reflected by the auditory event-related P300 component, since one subcomponent of the P300, the so-called P3a, is mainly generated in frontal regions. The P300 of 21 patients with OCD free of medication and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was studied, and dipole source analysis was used, allowing the separation of the subcomponents P3a and P3b with high reliability. No difference concerning the P3a between OCD and healthy subjects was found. OCD patients, however, showed a larger P3b amplitude and a shorter P3b latency (only right hemisphere) as well as a shorter reaction time to target tones as the healthy controls. Since the P3b, generated mainly in the temporo-parietal junction, is related to attentional and higher cognitive functions, whereas the P3a is more related to unspecific orienting reactions, the P3b abnormalities found in these patients could be an electrophysiological correlate of overfocussed attention and faster cognitive processes in OCD, possibly due to higher arousal and noradrenergic function. Regarding the findings with small P300 amplitudes and long latencies in most of the other psychiatric patients, it is remarkable that OCD is one of the few psychiatric diseases being characterized by larger P3b amplitudes and shorter latencies.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Leptin levels of alcohol abstainers and detoxification patients are not different.

AIMS: Leptin is a cytokine-type peptide hormone, recently implicated as a putative state marker of alcohol use and in craving. Our goal was to evaluate the potential of leptin as a state and trait marker and to rule out the role of current alcohol intoxication on leptin levels. METHODS: Eighteen alcohol withdrawal patients (16 males, 2 females) whose blood contained 202 mg/dl (median) of ethanol at hospitalization, who had a median age of 43.5 years and had consumed 1075 g of ethanol (median) in the last 7 days were included in the study. Leptin was determined in samples at day 1 (when still intoxicated) and day 7 of withdrawal. Expected leptin levels were calculated with a formula. For comparison, 27 blood samples of 18 abstinent persons, matched for gender, age and body mass index were used. Furthermore, mean cell volume, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and body composition (bioimpedance device) were determined. For statistical analysis, SPSS 11 was used. RESULTS: Expected leptin levels were 1.71 ng/ml (median), leptin measured at day 1 was 2.65 ng/ml (median) and 2.85 ng/ml on day 7 for the alcohol withdrawal patients and 2.2 ng/ml (median) for the abstainers. These concentrations were not significantly different. Significant correlations were found between leptin day 1 and expected leptin levels, percentage fat body mass, cigarettes smoked per day, GGT and blood alcohol concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data do not support the hypothesis of leptin as a state or trait marker and suggest only a minor influence of acute intoxication on leptin levels in alcohol detoxification patients.

Adult↗