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Biomedical subjects

Gilfe Reiss

Publications and source records attributed to Gilfe Reiss.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Loss of trigeminal sensitivity reduces olfactory function.

The trigeminal and olfactory nerves share overlapping innervation areas in the nasal cavity and seem to work in an interactive way. Loss of olfactory function leads to a decreased trigeminal sensitivity, as shown in anosmic subjects. To report the impact of disturbed trigeminal sensitivity on the olfactory function, we present a patient with unilateral loss of trigeminal function resulting from a meningeoma. Thresholds to a selective olfactory stimulus were elevated by a factor of 64 on the affected side. Recordings of event-related potentials in response to olfactory stimuli showed a significantly reduced response on the affected side. This report indicates that loss of trigeminal function may affect the sense of smell.

Female↗
PubMed2006

[Dry mouth].

Dryness of the mouth (xerostomia) is a serious problem for the affected patients, in particular if it is caused by a reduced salivation. Triggering factors are, e.g., drugs (antihypertensives, neuroleptics), CNS disorders, chronic obstruction of nasal breathing, irradiation therapy of head-neck tumors, Sjögren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, or diabetes mellitus. Patients with xerostomia should be diagnosed and treated on an interdisciplinary basis. Several causal and symptomatic therapeutic options are available, including local stimulation of salivation. In addition, prevention is to be emphasized. In most patients symptomatic improvement and thus an improved quality of life can be achieved.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

[Hiccups].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

[Sleep disturbances--aspects of obstructive and sleep-related breathing disorders].

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a wide spread affliction in industrialised countries. OSA has to be distinguished from simple snoring which is socially annoying but physically harmless, since it does not harm the physical health. Patients with OSA complain about disruptive snoring, daytime sleepiness, and loss of intellectual power. OSA is associated with increased mortality. It is possible to distinguish between complete respiratory pauses or apnoea and periods of too shallow breathing or hypopnoea. History taking, clinical examination, recording of daytime sleepiness, and cardio-respiratory sleep studies are necessary to make a proper diagnosis. OSA should primarily be treated, not so the simple snoring. In sleep apneics the treatment focuses on the removal of the sleep-related breathing disturbances and their health-related consequences. Therefore adjuvants or minimally invasive surgical techniques are favoured. Gold standard treatment of OSA is nasally applied continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). Alternative treatment modalities are also used. As conservative approaches oral appliances and conditioning (to avoid supine sleeping position) show promising results. Surgical treatment complies with the severity of the disease and with the anatomical findings. A variety of surgical approaches to the soft palate, the base of tongue, the tonsils, and the upper and lower jaws have been described.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Value of preliminary hearing tests].

Investigation of hearing with whispered and colloquial speech and also tuning fork tests are used routinely by many otologists. A different group of otologists find the tests inconsistent and unreliable. This controversy has probably developed because the audiometer has replaced the tuning fork in hearing measurement. The hearing tests with the whispered and colloquial speech are also a little unsafe. However, they are important orientating hearing tests checking the result of audiometry. Some principles of the investigation of hearing with whispered and colloquial speech and the Weber- and Rinne-tuning fork test are shortly described. The necessary control of pure tone audiometry by tuning forks is pointed out. The value particularly in the diagnosis of conductive hearing loss, and the limitations of informal hearing tests and tuning forks are discussed.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed2002

[Medical problems of handedness].

Handedness is one example of many forms of behavioral lateralization seen in humans. In the present review the practical relevance and the problems of left-handedness are discussed. Left-handedness has existed in a small subset of the human population, approximately 8%, since the origin of man. The incidence of left-handedness as usually defined is consistent among human populations. An understanding of handedness may lead to valuables clues as to how the brain becomes organised in the way it does. Several authors suggested a pathological handedness explaining the origin of laterality in man. There is a general agreement that sinistrality can occur as a result of pre- or perinatal damage to the left hemisphere. A disproportionate number of sinistrals is found in clinical populations. The review indicates that there is no sure evidence to suggest that left-handedness is a pathological sign.

Brain↗
PubMed2002

[Etiology and diagnosis of otalgia].

Otalgia is the sensation of pain in the ear, while referred otalgia is pain felt in the ear but originating from a nonotologic source. Ear pain is a diagnostic problem when examination of the ear shows no pathology. Pain in the ear can be caused by inflammation of the external meatus or the middle ear. Nonotogenic otalgia may be due to referred or reflex pain, neuralgia, or to a psychogenic problem. Otalgia may be referred also from primary carcinoma of the head and neck. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the head and neck is required. Referred pain is due to irritative lesions involving the fifth, ninth, or tenth cranial nerves and spinal nerves C2 and C3. If pathologic problems in the area supplied by these nerves have been ruled out, the neuralgia should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Psychogenic factors must be identified and treated before any type of surgical therapy is recommended. A basic knowledge of neuroanatomy, with emphasis on the cranial nerves, their course, distribution, and function, is also necessary. The complexity of this field may sometimes require the treating physician to call for consultations from colleagues in the fields of oral surgery, neurology, or neurosurgery. The therapy depends of the causes of the ear-ache.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2002

Tonguedness in cats.

The present study describes a preferential tongue movement in cats, suggesting a so-called "tonguedness" also in animals. 8 cats (66.7%) showed right-tonguedness and 3 left-tonguedness.

Animals↗