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Goji Tomita

Publications and source records attributed to Goji Tomita.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Frequency doubling technology perimetry in open-angle glaucoma eyes with hemifield visual field damage: comparison of high-tension and normal-tension groups.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in open-angle glaucoma eyes with hemifield visual field damage and to compare it between open-angle glaucoma with high pressure [high-tension glaucoma (HTG)] and those with normal pressure [normal-tension glaucoma (NTG)] groups. METHODS: FDT perimetry with the N-30 full threshold protocol and standard automated perimetry (SAP) using the Humphrey Field Analyzer with the 30-2 full threshold protocol were performed in 20 eyes of 20 HTG patients and 36 eyes of 36 NTG patients with visual field damage confirmed with SAP in only one hemifield. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in demographics, the Heidelberg Retina Tomography indices, and the Humphrey Field Analyzer indices between HTG and NTG groups. Regarding the FDT perimetry results, mean deviation in the global field (P=0.009) and mean sensitivity in the SAP-spared (P=0.001) and SAP-impaired (P=0.011) hemifields were lower; the numbers of FDT abnormal test points (probability of abnormality <5%) in the SAP-spared hemifield were significantly greater (P=0.005) in HTG than in NTG groups. Eyes in which FDT results of the SAP-spared hemifield were judged as abnormal was more frequent in HTG groups (P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The performance of FDT perimetry to detect early or preperimetric glaucomatous functional changes should be different between HTG and NTG eyes.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2006

Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma in a Japanese population: the Tajimi Study.

PURPOSE: To identify the risk factors associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Tajimi Study. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional epidemiologic study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred nineteen POAG patients and 2755 controls. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate comparison of ocular factors and systemic factors between POAG patients and controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Difference in factors between POAG patients and controls, factors associated with POAG patients, and their odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: Intraocular pressure (IOP), age, myopia, and history of hypertension differed between POAG patients and controls in univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression with stepwise selection of variables demonstrated that higher IOP (OR, 1.12 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.21]), myopia (ORs, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.03-3.31] for low myopia and 2.60 [95% CI, 1.56-4.35] for moderate to high myopia), and older age (OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.04-1.08]) were associated with an increased risk of having POAG. CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority (92%) of POAG patients diagnosed in the Tajimi Study had IOP within the normal range, IOP was still identified as a significant risk factor for POAG. Together with IOP, myopia and age were significant risk factors for having POAG.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Optic disc topography and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and open-angle glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of scanning laser tomography and scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) and the correlations with visual field damage (VFD) in eyes with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (n-AION) compared with eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients with n-AION and 33 eyes with OAG whose age and VFD evaluated with the Humphrey field analyzer were matched to those of the n-AION eyes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The parameters of optic disc topography obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT II) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with GDx with variable corneal compensation and the correlation to VFD. RESULTS: The cup area, cup-to-disc area ratio, and mean cup depth were significantly smaller, and the cup shape measure more negative, in the n-AION eyes than in the OAG eyes (P<0.001), whereas rim area was significantly greater (P<0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that none of disc area, rim area, and mean cup depth in the n-AION eyes and only rim area (P = 0.029) in the OAG eyes was significantly associated with mean deviation (MD). Ellipse average of RNFL thickness significantly correlated with MD in the n-AION eyes (P = 0.045) and in the OAG eyes (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Disc topography of eyes with n-AION was quantitatively characterized by small and shallow cupping and a relatively large rim area compared to eyes with OAG matched for age and VFD. In eyes with n-AION, significant correlation with VFD was found only for the RNFL thickness evaluated with SLP but not for the HRT II parameters.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Morphometric evaluation of changes with time in optic disc structure and thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer in chronic ocular hypertensive monkeys.

We examined the time course of changes in optic disc structure by means of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, HRT) in ocular hypertensive (experimental glaucoma) monkeys, and clarified the relationships between the histological RNFL thickness and HRT parameters. Further, the time course of changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in individual eyes was measured using a scanning laser polarimeter with fixed corneal polarization compensator (GDx FCC). In the present study, two separate experiments were carried out. A chronic intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was induced by laser trabeculoplasty in the left eye in 11 cynomolgus monkeys. In Experiment 1, the HRT and GDx parameters were measured 12 weeks after the laser treatment in 10 eyes in five monkeys. In Experiment 2, the time course of changes in the HRT and GDx parameters was examined before and 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks after the laser treatment in 12 eyes in six monkeys. The retardation values (thickness parameters) obtained from the GDx were used to derive thickness and ratio parameters in the superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants. Ratio parameters were expressed as a ratio of superior and inferior quadrant to nasal quadrant. After the last measurements, each eye was enucleated, and retinal cross sections were prepared for histological analysis. In the left (hypertensive) eyes, IOP was persistently elevated throughout the observation periods in both Experiments 1 and 2. In the HRT measurements in Experiment 1, seven out of eight global topographic parameters (exception, disc area) were statistically different between the hypertensive and control eyes 12 weeks after the laser treatment. In Experiment 2, the HRT parameters changed in a time-dependent manner, but each of them almost plateaued at about 4 weeks after the laser treatment. Significant correlations were seen between the histological mean RNFL thickness at 1.5 disc diameters from the optic disc margin and the HRT parameters in 21 eyes from 11 monkeys in Experiments 1 and 2. Especially good correlations with histological mean RNFL thickness were seen for the rim volume and cup volume. In Experiment 1, good correlations were found between GDx ratio parameters and histological RNFL thickness in individual right control eyes (n=5). In individual left experimental glaucoma eyes of Experiment 2 (n=6), GDx ratio parameters declined in a time-dependent manner alongside the IOP elevation. In conclusion, alongside the IOP elevation, time-related changes in optic disc topography and RNFL thickness were demonstrated in monkey eyes using HRT and GDx. HRT (rim and cup) parameters showed good correlations with histological RNFL thickness, and significant interrelations.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Correlation between hemifield visual field damage and corresponding parapapillary atrophy in normal-tension glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the superior or inferior half area of parapapillary atrophy (PPA) and the corresponding hemifield visual field damage (VFD) in normal-tension glaucoma. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: patients: One hundred nine eyes of 109 consecutive patients with normal-tension glaucoma. observation procedures: Topography parameters of the optic nerve head and PPA (zone beta) area were obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), and VFD was evaluated with the 30 to 2 program of Humphrey Field Analyzer. The HRT parameters and PPA area were determined separately in superior and inferior half regions. main outcome measures: Partial correlation coefficients of the superior and inferior areas of PPA with refractive error, axial length, HRT parameters, and corresponding hemifield VFD. RESULTS: In simple correlation analyses, significant correlation was found between the inferior PPA area and the superior hemifield VFD (Spearman rank correlation coefficient; Rs = -0.32; P < .001) but not between the superior PPA area and the inferior hemifield VFD (Rs = 0.05; P = .6). Age, refractive error, axial length, and height variation contour were associated significantly with the total, superior, and inferior areas of PPA, respectively (P < .01). Multiple regression analyses showed that the superior PPA area was associated significantly with only axial length (P < .001), and the inferior PPA area was associated significantly with the axial length and the superior hemifield VFD (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with normal-tension glaucoma, only the inferior half area of PPA correlated significantly with glaucomatous VFD. Axial length and myopia were associated with both the superior and inferior half areas of PPA.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2006

Optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis with scanning laser tomography after LASIK.

PURPOSE: To examine whether LASIK induces changes in the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer using scanning laser tomography. METHODS: Prospective, consecutive study of 53 myopic eyes in 38 patients (mean age: 35.7 +/- 10.4 years; range: 22 to 58 years). Preoperative average refractive error was -6.0 +/- 2.4 diopters (D) (spherical equivalent) (range: -2.0 to -10.0 D). Optic disc morphology and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were evaluated with scanning laser tomography preoperatively and at 7 and 13 months postoperatively. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were noted between the pre- and postoperative optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that transient extreme elevation of intraocular pressure during LASIK does not affect the optic disc morphology or retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal myopic eyes for at least 1 year after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Adverse reaction after use of latanoprost in Japanese glaucoma patients].

PURPOSE: Although latanoprost has proven to have a strong hypotensive effect, some patients show adverse reactions such as eyelid pigmentation, iridial pigmentation, or hypertrichosis. We prospectively investigated these adverse reactions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and one Japanese glaucoma or ocular hypertension patients were included. Iridial, eyelid, and eyelash photographs were taken before and at 6 months after latanoprost treatment. Increased eyelid pigmentation, iridial pigmentation, eyelash pigmentation, vellus hair of the lid, and hypertrichosis were assessed from these photographs. The correlation between the incidence of these adverse reactions and the time of instillation, type of glaucoma, sex, age, or concomitantly used eye drops, and the overlap of these were evaluated. RESULTS: Increased pigmentation of the eyelid was found in 6 cases(5.9%), of the iris in 32 cases (31.7%), of the eyelashes in 29 cases (28.7%), vellus hair of the lid in 38 cases(37.6%), and hypertrichosis in 51 cases(50.5%). Pigmentation of the eyelid was more frequently observed in patients who used latanoprost concomitantly (16.7%) than in those who did not use anti-glaucomatous eye drops before latanoprost treatment (1.6%), or in those treated with latanoprost who had switched from other anti-glaucomatous eye drops (6.3%) (p= 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of adverse reactions caused by latanoprost was higher in the eyelashes and iris than in the eyelid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Correlation between capillary blood flow of retina estimated by SLDF and circulatory parameters of retrobulbar blood vessels estimated by CDI in diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the recordings of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF) of the retina and the recordings of color Doppler imaging (CDI) of the retrobulbar circulatory parameters in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Twenty-three diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy were evaluated using SLDF for the apparent retinal circulation and using CDI for the apparent retrobulbar circulation in the central retinal artery, the central retinal vein and the short posterior ciliary artery. The circulatory parameters estimated in the retinal tissue using SLDF were velocity, volume and flow. The Circulatory parameters that were recorded using the CDI method were peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (MV), pulsatility (PI) and resistivity index (RI). We obtained the correlation coefficients between parameters of SLDF and CDI. Multiple regression analysis was performed with "flow" parameter of SLDF recordings as a dependent variable and all estimated CDI parameters as independent variables. Multiple linear regression was also performed, including the "flow" parameter of SLDF recordings as a dependent variable and PI of the CDI parameters of all the measured blood vessels as independent variables. RESULTS: The "velocity" parameter of SLDF was significantly correlated with the PI in the central retinal artery (P=0.02), PI and RI in the central retinal vein (P=0.01; P=0.01) and the PSV, MV, PI and RI in the short posterior ciliary artery, as recorded by CDI (P=0.003; P=0.02; P=0.002; P=0.01). The "volume" parameter of SLDF was significantly correlated with the PI and RI in the central retinal vein (P=0.03; P=0.03) and the PSV in the short posterior ciliary artery (P=0.03), as recorded by CDI. The "flow" parameter of SLDF was significantly correlated with the PI and RI in the central retinal vein (P=0.01; P=0.01) and the PSV, MV, PI and RI in the short posterior ciliary artery (P=0.003; P=0.03; P=0.002; P=0.01) as measured by CDI. The multiple regression analysis was statistically non-significant (P=0.86). The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that from among the PI of the evaluated blood vessels, the PI of the short posterior ciliary artery was the most significant predictor of the "flow" parameter of SLDF (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: This study suggests a positive correlation between the recordings of SLDF of the retinal tissue and the retrobulbar circulatory parameters of the CDI in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of appositional angle closure determined by ultrasonic biomicroscopy in eyes with shallow anterior chambers.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of appositional angle closure in eyes with a shallow peripheral anterior chamber but no peripheral anterior synechia (PAS) in Japanese patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty eyes of 80 consecutive patients with a shallow peripheral anterior chamber, determined using the method of van Herick, and no PAS. METHODS: The anterior chamber angle was classified according to Shaffer's grading with noncompression gonioscopy superiorly, inferiorly, temporally, and nasally. The absence of PAS was confirmed by compression gonioscopy if necessary. The presence of appositional angle closure and the trabecular-iris angle (T-I angle) was determined with ultrasound biomicroscopy in each quadrant under light and dark conditions. Factors related to appositional angle closure were studied using logistic analysis, and the covariates included gender, age, refraction, gonioscopic grading, and the quadrant of the angle measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gonioscopic grading of the angle width, the T-I angle, and the prevalence of appositional closure. RESULTS: The gonioscopic grading (P<0.001 in light and dark) and the T-I angle (P<0.001 in light and dark) varied significantly among the 4 quadrants. Narrower angle gradings were observed more frequently superiorly. The T-I angle was narrower superiorly (in light) and inferiorly (in dark) (P<0.001 and P = 0.040, respectively). The T-I angle was significantly narrower in dark than in light (P<0.001). The sites with the narrower gonioscopic gradings tended to have a smaller T-I angle (P<0.001 and P = 0.006 in light and dark, respectively). Appositional angle closure was found in at least 1 quadrant in 46 (57.5%) of 80 eyes in light and in 68 eyes (85%) in dark. Logistic analysis showed that gonioscopic grading and the quadrant were significantly related to the presence of appositional angle closure in light and dark (P<0.003 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Appositional angle closure was frequently observed in eyes with a shallow peripheral anterior chamber, especially under dark conditions in Japanese patients. The angle width, evaluated with conventional gonioscopic grading, and the quadrant of the angle were significantly related to the presence of appositional angle closure.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The Tajimi Study report 2: prevalence of primary angle closure and secondary glaucoma in a Japanese population.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), secondary glaucoma (SG), and all glaucoma in a Japanese population as a part of the Tajimi Study. DESIGN: Population-based epidemiological survey. PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of residents 40 years or older from Tajimi, Japan. INTERVENTION: Each subject underwent a screening program comprising an interview and an ophthalmic examination, including Goldmann applanation tonometry, slit-lamp examination, a van Herick test, fundus photography, and a screening visual field (VF) test using frequency-doubling technology. If glaucoma was suspected, the subject was referred for a definitive examination that included slit-lamp examination, gonioscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, a VF test, and optic disc and fundus examination. A diagnosis of PACG or SG was made based on slit-lamp examination, gonioscopy, optic disc appearance, and perimetric results. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalences of PACG, SG, and all cases of glaucoma. RESULTS: Of 3870 eligible people, 3021 (78.1%) participated in the study. Estimated prevalences of PACG and SG in those over 40 years were 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4%-0.9%) and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.7%), respectively. Prevalences of all glaucoma and glaucoma/suspected glaucoma were estimated to be 5.0% (95% CI, 4.2%-5.8%) and 7.5% (95% CI, 6.5%-8.4%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalences were 0.6%, 0.5%, and 5.0%, respectively, for PACG, SG, and all glaucoma in subjects over 40 years from Tajimi, Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Intraocular metabolites of isopropyl unoprostone.

PURPOSE: It is still unknown which metabolite of isopropyl unoprostone is responsible for reducing intraocular pressure. This study was carried out to measure intraocular metabolites of isopropyl unoprostone in the aqueous humor of primate and human eyes. METHODS: Nine monkeys were randomly divided into three groups, all of which received isopropyl unoprostone. In group I, the drug was scheduled to be instilled at 0 hr, in group II at 1 hr, and in group III at 2 hr, prior to aqueous humor aspiration in order to determine metabolite concentration. Furthermore, 27 patients scheduled for cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation were divided into five groups that received isopropyl unoprostone. In group A, the drug was scheduled to be instilled at 0 hr, in group B at 1 hr, in group C at 2 hr, in group D at 3 hr, and in group E at 4 hr, prior to surgery. At the beginning of the operation, the aqueous humor was aspirated. Metabolites of isopropyl unoprostone in the aqueous humor were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: M1 (3-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-oxodecyl)cyclopentyl]propionic acid) (unoprostone free acid) and M2 ((Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-oxodecyl)cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid), an intraocular oxidized metabolite of isopropyl unoprostone, were measured. M1:M2 in monkeys was respectively 0:0 ng/ml in group I, 150.2 +/- 45.1:9.5 +/- 1.7 (p < 0.05) in group II, and 74.6 +/- 31.4:19.2 +/- 5.3 (p < 0.01) in group III. M1:M2 in humans was respectively 0:0 ng/ml in group A, 50.6 +/- 22.3:3.2 +/- 1.3 (p < 0.05) in group B, 125.0 +/- 23.1:12.2 +/- 3.4 (p < 0.001) in group C, 144.9 +/- 33.8:24.5 +/- 6.2 (p < 0.01) in group D, and 56.7 +/- 21.5:18.7 +/- 5.3 (p < 0.05) in group E. CONCLUSIONS: A free acid of isopropyl unoprostone is the major intraocular metabolite of isopropyl unoprostone that is expected to act on target tissues in the eyes of both monkeys and humans.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Frequency doubling technology and scanning laser tomography in eyes with generalized enlargement of optic disc cupping.

PURPOSE: To characterize functional and structural changes in eyes with generalized enlargement of optic disc cupping (vertical cup/disc ratio > or = 0.8), normal intraocular pressure, normal standard achromatic automated perimetry (SAP) results, and no other ophthalmoscopic findings suggesting glaucoma (large C/D eyes) using frequency doubling technology (FDT) and the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT). METHODS: This comparative observational case series included 30 large C/D eyes (30 subjects), 17 eyes (17 patients) with early-stage normal tension glaucoma with generalized enlargement of optic disc cupping (NTG eyes), and 25 eyes from 25 normal subjects (normal eyes). Results with Humphrey 30-2, FDT N-30 threshold programs, and HRT were compared among these groups. Large C/D eyes were subdivided into FDT-normal and -abnormal eyes according to the predetermined criteria and HRT parameters were compared among them. RESULTS: No significant difference was seen in HRT parameters between the large C/D and NTG eyes. In the large C/D eyes, FDT mean deviation was lower than in the normal eyes and higher than in the NTG eyes, whereas FDT pattern standard deviation was smaller than in the NTG eyes (P = 0.02-0.03). Among HRT parameters, only cup shape measure (CSM) showed significant negative correlation with FDT mean deviation in the large C/D eyes. Between FDT-normal and -abnormal subgroups, only CSM showed significant difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Frequency doubling technology showed abnormalities in large C/D eyes. Only CSM showed significant correlation with FDT result and difference between those with normal and abnormal FDT results. In management of large C/D eyes, FDT and CSM will be useful to detect functional and structural change.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in Japanese: the Tajimi Study.

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and its association with intraocular pressure (IOP) in Tajimi City in central Japan. DESIGN: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study in a defined population. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects randomly selected from the population older than 40 years in Tajimi City. INTERVENTION: Each subject underwent a screening examination comprised of an interview and ophthalmic examinations, including measurement of IOP by a Goldmann applanation tonometer, central corneal thickness (CCT), slit-lamp examination, fundus photography, and a screening visual field test using frequency doubling technology. When ocular diseases were suspected, the subjects were referred for definitive examination. During the definitive examination, slit-lamp examination, IOP measurement, a visual field test using Humphrey Field Analyzer 30-2 SITA Standard program (Humphrey Instruments, San Leandro, CA), optic disc and fundus examination, and gonioscopy were performed and stereoscopic disc photographs were obtained. A diagnosis of glaucoma was made based on optic disc appearance, perimetric results, and other ocular findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of POAG, mean IOP, and mean CCT. RESULTS: Of 3870 eligible people, 3021 (78.1%) participated in the study. The estimated prevalence of POAG in the population older than 40 years was 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]), 3.2%-4.6%). The prevalence of cases of POAG with IOP levels of 21 mmHg or less was 3.6% (95% CI, 2.9%-4.3%), whereas the prevalence for those with IOP levels of more than 21 mmHg was 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.5%). The average IOP for eyes with POAG was 15.4+/-2.8 (standard deviation) in the right eye (n = 115) and 15.2+/-2.8 mmHg in the left eye (n = 115), which was significantly higher than that of nonglaucoma subjects (14.5+/-2.5 in the right eye; n = 2759; P = 0.0004; and 14.4+/-2.6 mmHg in the left eye; n = 2757; P = 0.0026). The mean CCT of POAG eyes with IOP levels of 21 mmHg or less was 518+/-29 (n = 109) in the right eye and 519+/-29 microm (n = 110) in the left eye, levels that were not significantly different from that of nonglaucoma eyes (520+/-32 microm [n = 2690]; and 522+/-32 microm [n = 2692]; P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of POAG in this population was 3.9%. In 92% patients with POAG, the IOP was 21 mmHg or less.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Topical administration of iganidipine, a new water-soluble Ca2+ antagonist, increases ipsilateral optic nerve head circulation in rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of topically administered iganidipine hydrochloride, a novel water-soluble Ca2+- channel blocker, on optic nerve head (ONH) circulation in Dutch rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys. METHODS: ONH tissue blood velocity (NBONH) was determined using the laser speckle method. In rabbits, NBONH was measured for 90 minutes before and after a single iganidipine administration, or before and after twice-daily ad- ministrations for 21 days (0.03%). In monkeys, NBONH was measured before and after twice-daily administrations of iganidipine for 7 days (0.03 or 0.1%). RESULTS: Iganidipine (0.03% solution) significantly increased NBONH by 8 to 10% in treated eyes after a single administration (p < 0.05) or by 18 to 35% after 7-, 14-, or 21-day twice-daily administration in rabbits (p < 0.05). In monkeys, 0.03% and 0.1% iganidipine significantly increased NBONH in treated eyes by 20 and 41% after 7-day (p < 0.05) twice-daily administration, respectively. CONCLUSION: Topical iganidipine significantly increased ONH blood velocity in treated eyes.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Optic disc excavation in the atrophic stage of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: comparison with normal tension glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal optic disc excavations are reportedly seen in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a mitochondrial dysfunction disease. We examined the disc morphology in the eyes of patients with LHON at the atrophic stage and compared it to that in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: We studied 15 LHON patients with the 11778 mutation, 15 patients with NTG, and 25 normal subjects. The optic disc morphology was analyzed by Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT). Ten parameters of the optic disc obtained by HRT were evaluated, including the diagnostic classification of glaucoma. RESULTS: Six of the nine morphological HRT parameters of the LHON patients, the exceptions being disc area, mean cup depth, and maximum cup depth, differed significantly from those of the normals. NTG patients had a significantly greater mean and maximum cup depth than LHON patients. The HRT glaucoma diagnostic software classified 22 (73%) of the 30 optic discs in LHON patients as glaucomatous. CONCLUSION: The optic discs at the atrophic stage of LHON eyes have glaucoma-like morphological changes. However, the cups were significantly deeper in NTG than LHON. The similarity in the optic disc findings in LHON and NTG suggests that alterations in mitochondrial function may be related to optic disc excavations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Clinical characteristics and leakage of functioning blebs after trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C in primary glaucoma patients.

PURPOSES: To describe the clinical characteristics of functioning blebs in Japanese glaucoma patients after primary trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin-C (MMC) and to correlate their associations with postoperative bleb leakage. DESIGN: A prospective, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-two glaucoma patients who had undergone primary trabeculectomy with MMC at the University of Tokyo Hospital at least 3 months before were examined between December 1997 and February 1998. METHODS: A predesigned data form was completed at each visit. Ophthalmologic examinations included Goldmann applanation tonometry, slit-lamp examination, and Seidel tests with and without digital ocular pressure (DOP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Properties of the functioning bleb, including bleb appearance, thickness of bleb wall, dimensions of bleb and avascular area, and leakage status with and without DOP. RESULTS: Of 162 Japanese patients, 162 eyes with functioning blebs were included. There were no differences in bleb characteristics among the different types of primary glaucoma. With a long postoperative duration, blebs tended to be thinner (P = 0.024). With DOP, the leaking rate increased from 3.1% to 5.6%, and the oozing rate increased from 11.1% to 35.8% (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the larger the avascular area, the more likely the bleb leaked without DOP (P = 0.016). When DOP was applied, leakage was more likely to occur in the blebs with a long postoperative duration (P = 0.002) or with a large avascular area (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical characteristics of filtering blebs were similar in Japanese patients with different types of primary glaucoma. Blebs with a large avascular area were associated with a higher risk of bleb leakage. Attention to the increased chance of leakage induced by DOP is important, especially for blebs with a long postoperative duration. Ophthalmologists should be aware of late bleb-related complications in addition to bleb function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The efficacy and safety of dose escalation of dorzolamide used in combination with other topical antiglaucoma agents.

We investigated the dose-escalation profile of dorzolamide used in combination with other antiglaucoma agents in patients with primary glaucoma and ocular hypertension. In a prospective, open-label study, 78 patients received dorzolamide 0.5% in addition to other topical antiglaucoma agents for > or =4 weeks. The concentration of dorzolamide was then escalated to 1.0% and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. Dose escalation of dorzolamide from 0.5% to 1.0% resulted in a significant reduction in IOP throughout the 12 weeks of treatment at the higher dose. Mean baseline IOP was 19.7 mmHg. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after dose escalation, mean IOP had decreased to 17.8 (-9.4%), 17.6 (-10.8%), and 17.5 (-10.7%) mmHg. No serious drug-related adverse effects were reported. These results indicate that dose escalation of dorzolamide from 0.5% to 1.0% is effective and well tolerated as adjunctive therapy for patients in whom IOP is insufficiently controlled by combination therapy.

Administration, Topical↗