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Biomedical subjects

Goldie Byrd

Publications and source records attributed to Goldie Byrd.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Parental substance abuse, reports of chronic pain and coping in adult patients with sickle cell disease.

There is increasing interest from a social learning perspective in understanding the role of parental factors on adult health behaviors and health outcomes. Our review revealed no studies, to date, that have evaluated the effects of parental substance abuse on reports of chronic pain and coping in adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). We explored the effects of parental substance (alcohol or drug) abuse on reports of the sensory, affective and summary indices of pain in 67 adult patients, mean age 38.9 (13.5), with SCD. We also explored the effects of parental substance abuse on psychopathology associated with pain and active coping. Twenty-four percent of patients reported that their parent(s) abused substances. Patients whose parent(s) were characterized as substance abusers reported greater sensory (p=0.02), affective (p=0.01) and summary (VAS; p=0.02) indices of pain as compared to their counterparts, whose parent(s) were not characterized as substance abusers. Patients did not differ in average age, education or the propensity to respond in a socially acceptable manner. There was a significant trend towards patients who characterized their parents as abusers scoring higher than their counterparts on active coping. We propose a Social Learning Theory to explain the current findings and suggest a need for additional prospective research to simultaneously explore biological (genetic) and social factors that influence the interpretation, experience and reporting of chronic pain in adult patients with chronic disease.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Reconsideration of the training of psychiatrists and mental health professionals: helping to make soup.

For many years, we have known of deficits in our system of training mental health professionals, particularly in recognizing and integrating diversity. Recently, we have begun to understand that our literature must more authentically reflect the experiences of all people that we serve. The current paper suggests that a comprehensive biopsychosocial conceptualization of normal and abnormal behavior for all individuals is necessary to truly begin to reduce mental health disparities. The authors argue that factors such as racial, ethnic and cultural differences must be integrated into research before the literature will begin to change in a fashion that is beneficial to the mental health training process.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed2005

Moderate chronic pain, weight and dietary intake in African-American adult patients with sickle cell disease.

In this exploratory study, we evaluated weight status and dietary intake patterns during painful episodes in adult patients with SCD. Specifically, we explored the relation between pain severity and body mass index (BMI), and we tested the hypothesis that dietary intake would be reduced and dietary content altered during periods of increased pain. We conducted an analysis of survey data from 62 patients involved in a longitudinal evaluation of the relationship of medical and psychosocial factors to pain. Nearly half of patients with SCD were overweight, and 20% were obese. BMI was positively related to interference associated with pain. Although BMI was not statistically associated with reported pain severity, >40% of patients reported that they perceived their pain to be affected by their weight. Less than 20% of patients reported that they perceived that their weight affected their pain. Regarding dietary patterns, the majority of patients reported eating less during episodes of pain and significantly decreasing their intake of fats and proteins. We conclude that there is a need to better understand the relation among weight, dietary patterns and pain in patients with SCD in order to provide patients with accurate education and effective treatment recommendations for managing their disease and reducing current and future risks of lifestyle and disease-related morbidities.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Selecting transpositions using phage P1 headful packaging: new markerless transposons for functionally mapping long-range regulatory sequences in bacterial artificial chromosomes and P1-derived artificial chromosomes.

New Tn10 minitransposons were constructed to functionally map long-range transcription regulatory sequences in bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and P1-derived artificial chromosomes (PACs). Each contained a wild-type loxP site but, significantly, contained no mammalian or bacterial genes and/or promoter elements within the transposed portion of DNA. In contrast to loxP transposons described previously, the new ones do not introduce transcription regulatory elements capable of interfering with those endogenous to the BAC clone in functional mapping studies. Progressive deletions from the loxP end of genomic DNA were efficiently generated using these transposons, and a series of truncations generated in a green fluorescence protein (GFP)-BAC fusion clone unambiguously identified three new long-range enhancer sequences functionally in the Nkx2-5 gene in transgenic mice. Insertions of these new transposons lacking antibiotic resistance genes into a BAC or PAC were indirectly selected by their ability to delete enough DNA from the clone so as to enable its packaging within a P1 phage head with both loxP sites intact for subsequent recovery of the large plasmid. The outcome of such an indirect mode of selection is both desirable and undesirable. First, because the screen is not antibiotic resistance marker dependent, the same transposon can be used to generate nested deletions efficiently in both BACs and PACs. Second, deletions through intrainsert recombinations unrelated to loxP/Cre also get packaged and recovered, and size analyses of the BAC/PAC vector band after NotI digestion is indispensable to identify authentic loxP/Cre deletions. The procedure nevertheless offers a potential approach to map recombinogenic sequences in BACs and PACs.

Animals↗