Biomedical subjects

Graham I Smith

Publications and source records attributed to Graham I Smith.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Vertical ramus osteotomy combined with a parasymphyseal mandibulotomy for improved access to the parapharyngeal space.

BACKGROUND: A number of procedures have been described that facilitate access to the parapharyngeal space. Their use may be limited because of restricted access or postoperative morbidity. METHODS: We describe the use of two mandibular osteotomies to greatly enhance the exposure of the parapharyngeal space, with possible access up to the skull base. RESULTS: We have performed this procedure in three cases with minimal postoperative morbidity and no neurologic deficit or occlusal disturbances. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that the osteotomies described provide far better exposure to this area than a single mandibular osteotomy alone. Furthermore, it avoids a facial scar.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

Modification of the Hunsuck sagittal split osteotomy using a nerve hook. Technical note.

A modification of the Hunsuck mandibular sagittal split osteotomy is described by which a nerve hook is used to facilitate the optimum placement of the medial bone cut. The simple technique assists with the location of the lingula, protects the inferior alveolar nerve as it enters the mandibular foramen, and enables a bone cut to be placed into the mandibular foramen itself.

Cranial Nerve Injuries↗

PubMed2002

Expression of type 2 nitric oxide synthase and p53 in Warthin's tumour of the parotid.

Although the pathogenesis of Warthin's tumour is not fully understood, it is generally thought that the tumour arises from heterotopic salivary ducts within pre-existing lymphoid tissue. Prolonged nitric oxide (NO) production by the enzyme type 2 nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many solid tumours, but not in Warthin's tumour. Since NO and NOS2 are known to be associated with p53, the immunohistochemical expression of both NOS2 and p53 was investigated in 23 cases of Warthin's tumour. Widespread diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining for NOS2 was found in tumour epithelial cells of all 23 cases studied, and it was additionally expressed in normal salivary duct epithelium. p53 staining was localised to the nuclei of tumour epithelium in 16 cases, with a similar pattern of distribution to tumour NOS2 expression. A significant correlation was found between NOS2 and p53 staining in the tumours (P < 0.001). In contrast to NOS2, p53 was not expressed by normal salivary ductal cells in any of the cases studied. NOS2 is widely expressed by the tumour epithelium of Warthin's, and its association with p53 expression is discussed. The role of NO in the pathogenesis of Warthin's tumour remains to be established.

Adenolymphoma↗