Caudal catheters and ultrasound.
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Epidural Space↗
Biomedical subjects
Graham T Bell
Publications and source records attributed to Graham T Bell.
Work of breathing in anesthetized infants increases when a breathing system filter is used.
BACKGROUND: There are concerns that the inclusion of a pediatric heat and moisture exchange filter (HMEF) is in a breathing system may cause an unacceptable increase in the work of breathing. This study is the first study to objectively measure the increase in work of breathing in the infant population when an HMEF is added to the pediatric breathing circuit. METHODS: Ten patients weighing 3-8 kg were studied in a randomized crossover trial. Work of breathing was analyzed using the integral of pressure-volume loops. RESULTS: The median increase in the work of breathing associated with the addition of an HMEF was 279 mJ x min(-1) (95% CI, 165-903 mJ x min(-1)). This equates with a percentage increase of 43% (95% CI, 25-138%). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the substantial increase in the work of breathing with an HMEF attached to the tracheal tube, consideration should be given to alternative means of humidification and filtration during periods of spontaneous ventilation in small infants.
Anesthesia↗
Interference masquerading as atrial extrasystole.
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Atrial Premature Complexes↗
The compPAC ventilator: experience in Nepal.
The compPAC is a new type of ventilator that is becoming popular with disaster-relief agencies around the world. Previous models were designed principally for resuscitation; however, with new refinements, the current model is particularly suitable for anesthesia in the field and other locations with limited resources. The safe use of the ventilator in these settings depends on an appreciation of the clinical issues relating to the conduct of anesthetic and practical issues such as equipment compatibility.
Anesthesia, Inhalation↗