Biomedical subjects

Guichan Cao

Publications and source records attributed to Guichan Cao.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Positive association between resting energy expenditure and weight gain in a lean adult population.

BACKGROUND: Weight gain in adulthood is common, from modest gains in developing countries to substantial increases in Western societies. Evidence of the importance of energy expenditure in adult weight change has been limited to studies conducted in Pima Indians, in whom resting energy expenditure (REE) was found to be inversely associated with weight gain. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine whether REE was predictive of weight change in lean Nigerian adults. DESIGN: Weight was measured in 744 adults on 2-4 occasions over 5.5 y. REE was measured in the second follow-up examination. Sex-specific, mixed-effects models with REE, fat-free mass, and age as fixed effects were used to test the association between REE and weight change. RESULTS: Adults aged >19 y (n = 352 men and 392 women) were included in these analyses. At baseline, the mean (+/-SD) age was 45.9 +/- 16.1 y for the whole population; the mean weight was 61.4 +/- 10.7 and 58.1 +/- 12.1 kg and body mass index (in kg/m(2)) was 21.4 +/- 3.2 and 23.1 +/- 4.0 for men and women, respectively. Over a mean 5.5 y of follow-up, the age-adjusted weight gain was 0.42 kg/y for the men and 0.59 kg/y for the women. In mixed-effects models, REE was positively associated with weight gain in both men and women (P < 0.001). No significant association was observed in participants who lost weight. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with observations in overweight Pima Indians, REE adjusted for body size and composition was positively associated with weight gain in lean Nigerian adults. This suggests either that the potential for differential regulation of body weight in lean compared with overweight populations exists or that the increased REE in this population was the result, rather than cause, of weight gain.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

A genome-wide linkage and association study using COGA data.

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association will soon be available to use as an adjunct to traditional linkage analysis. We studied alcoholism in 119 families collected by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism and made available in Genetic Analysis Workshop 14, using genome-wide linkage and association analyses. METHODS: Genome-wide linkage analysis was first performed using microsatellite markers and a region with the strongest linkage evidence was further analyzed using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Family based genome-wide association test was also conducted using the SNPs. RESULTS: Nonparametric linkage analysis revealed weak linkage evidence on chromosome 7, and association analysis identified SNP tsc0515272 on chromosome 3 as significantly associated with alcoholism. CONCLUSION: Linkage analysis may require large sample sizes and high quality genotyping and marker maps to adequately improve power, while association analysis could hold more promise in efforts to identify variants responsible for complex traits.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed2005

Sex differences in the effect of diabetes duration on coronary heart disease mortality.

BACKGROUND: It is not known whether the coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality risk associated with recent (RDM; <10 years) or long-standing diabetes mellitus (LDM; > or =10 years) varies by sex. METHODS: The relationship between diabetes duration and CHD mortality was evaluated among 10 871 adults (aged 35-74 years at baseline) using the 1971-1992 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. RESULTS: The CHD mortality rates per 1000 person-years in men with no myocardial infarction (MI) or diabetes, MI only, RDM only, LDM only, MI and RDM, and MI and LDM were 5.5 (95% confidence interval, 4.8-6.2), 15.2 (11.6-20.0), 13.2 (7.9-22.1), 11.4 (6.4-20.3), 36.0 (16.7-77.7), and 35.4 (14.0-89.7), respectively. The corresponding rates in women were 2.9 (2.5-3.3), 7.3 (5.0-10.8), 5.2 (3.5-7.7), 10.7 (7.5-15.5), 9.3 (4.3-19.9), and 21.6 (6.1-76.0), respectively. Compared with MI, the multivariate hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (adjusted for age, race, smoking, hypertension, total cholesterol level, and body mass index) for fatal CHD in men with RDM, LDM, MI and RDM, and MI and LDM were 0.7 (0.3-1.3), 0.8 (0.4-1.4), 3.2 (1.4-7.4), and 2.4 (0.8-6.7), respectively. The corresponding ratios in women were 0.9 (0.6-1.3), 1.8 (1.1-3.2), 1.3 (0.5-3.5), and 1.6 (0.2-10.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In men, RDM and LDM were associated with as high a risk for CHD death as MI. In women, although RDM had a CHD mortality risk similar to MI, LDM had an even greater risk. Because women with LDM are at very high risk for CHD mortality, current guidelines may need to be further refined to match intensity of treatment to risk in these women.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Obesity and prevalent and incident CKD: the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased single-nephron glomerular filtration rate, which may increase the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially when combined with hypertension. However, epidemiological data supporting an association between overweight and obesity and risk for CKD currently are limited. METHODS: We used data from the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP) to test the hypothesis that overweight and obesity are associated with incident CKD in 5,897 hypertensive adults. Serum and spot urine samples were collected at baseline and year 5. CKD is defined as the presence of 1+ or greater proteinuria on routine urinalysis and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (<1.0 mL/s). RESULTS: In HDFP participants without CKD at baseline, the incidence of CKD at year 5 was 28% in the ideal-body-mass-index group, 31% in the overweight group, and 34% in the obese group. After adjustment for all covariates, including diabetes mellitus, mean baseline diastolic blood pressure, and slope of diastolic blood pressure, both baseline overweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.41) and obesity (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.63) were associated with increased odds of incident CKD at year 5. Similar results were noted after exclusion of participants with baseline diabetes mellitus, with both overweight (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.43) and obesity (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.63) remaining significantly associated with incident CKD. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that obese adults with hypertension have an increased risk for CKD.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Sex differences in risk for coronary heart disease mortality associated with diabetes and established coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND: The sex-specific independent effect of diabetes mellitus and established coronary heart disease (CHD) on subsequent CHD mortality is not known. METHODS: This is an analysis of pooled data (n = 5243) from the Framingham Heart Study and the Framingham Offspring Study with follow-up of 20 years. At baseline (1971-1975), 134 men and 95 women had diabetes, while 222 men and 129 women had CHD. Risk for CHD death was analyzed by proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, hypertension, serum cholesterol levels, smoking, and body mass index. The comparative effect of established CHD vs diabetes on the risk of CHD mortality was tested by testing the difference in log hazards. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for death from CHD were 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3-3.3) in men with diabetes only, and 4.2 (95% CI, 3.2-5.6) in men with CHD only compared with men without diabetes or CHD. The HR for CHD death was 3.8 (95% CI, 2.2-6.6) in women with diabetes, and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.1-3.4) in women with CHD. The difference between the CHD and the diabetes log hazards was +0.73 (95% CI, 0.72-0.75) in men and -0.65 (95% CI, -0.68 to -0.63) in women. CONCLUSIONS: In men, established CHD signifies a higher risk for CHD mortality than diabetes. This is reversed in women, with diabetes being associated with greater risk for CHD mortality. Current treatment recommendations for women with diabetes may need to be more aggressive to match CHD mortality risk.

Adult↗