Biomedical subjects

Guido Caldarelli

Publications and source records attributed to Guido Caldarelli.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Loops structure of the Internet at the autonomous system level.

We present here a study of the clustering and loops in a graph of the Internet at the autonomous systems level. We show that, even if the whole structure is changing with time, the statistical distributions of loops of order 3, 4, and 5 remain stable during the evolution. Moreover, we will bring evidence that the Internet graphs show characteristic Markovian signatures, since the structure is very well described by two-point correlations between the degrees of the vertices. This indeed proves that the Internet belongs to a class of network in which the two-point correlation is sufficient to describe their whole local (and thus global) structure. Data are also compared to present Internet models.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Vertex intrinsic fitness: how to produce arbitrary scale-free networks.

We study a recent model of random networks based on the presence of an intrinsic character of the vertices called fitness. The vertex fitnesses are drawn from a given probability distribution density. The edges between pairs of vertices are drawn according to a linking probability function depending on the fitnesses of the two vertices involved. We study here different choices for the probability distribution densities and the linking functions. We find that, irrespective of the particular choices, the generation of scale-free networks is straightforward. We then derive the general conditions under which scale-free behavior appears. This model could then represent a possible explanation for the ubiquity and robustness of such structures.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Assortative model for social networks.

In this Brief Report we present a version of a network growth model, generalized in order to describe the behavior of social networks. The case of study considered is the preprint archive at cul.arxiv.org. Each node corresponds to a scientist, and a link is present whenever two authors wrote a paper together. This graph is a nice example of degree-assortative network, that is, to say a network where sites with similar degree are connected to each other. The model presented is one of the few able to reproduce such behavior, giving some insight on the microscopic dynamics at the basis of the graph structure.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Widespread occurrence of the inverse square distribution in social sciences and taxonomy.

The widespread occurrence of an inverse square relation in the hierarchical distribution of subcommunities within communities (or subspecies within species) has been recently invoked as a signature of hierarchical self-organization within social and ecological systems. Here we show that, whether such systems are self-organized or not, this behavior is the consequence of the treelike classification method. Different treelike classifications (both of real and truly random systems) display a similar statistical behavior when considering the sizes of their sub-branches.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Topology of correlation-based minimal spanning trees in real and model markets.

We compare the topological properties of the minimal spanning tree obtained from a large group of stocks traded at the New York Stock Exchange during a 12-year trading period with the one obtained from surrogated data simulated by using simple market models. We find that the empirical tree has features of a complex network that cannot be reproduced, even as a first approximation, by a random market model and by the widespread one-factor model.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Quantitative description and modeling of real networks.

We present data analysis and modeling of two particular cases of study in the field of growing networks. We analyze World Wide Web data set and authorship collaboration networks in order to check the presence of correlation in the data. The results are reproduced with good agreement through a suitable modification of the standard Albert-Barabási model of network growth. In particular, intrinsic relevance of sites plays a role in determining the future degree of the vertex.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Universal scaling relations in food webs.

The structure of ecological communities is usually represented by food webs. In these webs, we describe species by means of vertices connected by links representing the predations. We can therefore study different webs by considering the shape (topology) of these networks. Comparing food webs by searching for regularities is of fundamental importance, because universal patterns would reveal common principles underlying the organization of different ecosystems. However, features observed in small food webs are different from those found in large ones. Furthermore, food webs (except in isolated cases) do not share general features with other types of network (including the Internet, the World Wide Web and biological webs). These features are a small-world character and a scale-free (power-law) distribution of the degree (the number of links per vertex). Here we propose to describe food webs as transportation networks by extending to them the concept of allometric scaling (how branching properties change with network size). We then decompose food webs in spanning trees and loop-forming links. We show that, whereas the number of loops varies significantly across real webs, spanning trees are characterized by universal scaling relations.

Animals↗