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Guillermo Quindós

Publications and source records attributed to Guillermo Quindós.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Evaluation of Bichro-Dubli Fumouze to distinguish Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans.

We have evaluated the ability of the Bichro-Dubli Fumouze (Fumouze Diagnostics, Levallois-Perret, France) latex agglutination test to identify colonies of Candida dubliniensis grown on different media. The test was positive for 103 of 106 isolates of C. dubliniensis and negative for Candida albicans and other Candida species studied. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 97.1% and 100%, respectively. The test is very rapid, simple, and reliable giving the same results independently of whether the colonies are grown previously on Sabouraud dextrose agar, CHROMagar Candida medium, Candida ID2 medium, or CHROMagar-Pal's medium.

Candida↗
PubMed2006

Usefulness of Candida ID2 agar for the presumptive identification of Candida dubliniensis.

CHROMagar Candida and Candida ID2 are widely used for the isolation and presumptive identification of Candida spp. based on the color of the colonies on these two media. We have studied the usefulness of these chromogenic media for differentiating Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans isolates. One hundred isolates of C. dubliniensis and 100 C. albicans isolates were tested on Candida ID2, CHROMagar Candida (CHROMagar), and CHROMagar Candida reformulated by BBL. CHROMagar Candida and CHROMagar Candida BBL did not allow a clear differentiation of the two species based upon the shade of the green color of C. dubliniensis colonies. However, on Candida ID2, all C. dubliniensis isolates produced turquoise blue colonies whereas 91% of C. albicans colonies were cobalt blue. The sensitivity and the specificity for differentiating between C. dubliniensis fromC. albicans on Candida ID2 were 100% and 91%, respectively; whereas on CHROMagar Candida these values were 63% and 89% and on CHROMagar Candida BBL they were 18% and 98%. Candida ID2 agar provides a simple and accurate laboratory approach for the identification and differentiation of C. dubliniensis on the basis of the colony color.

Agar↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of the new chromogenic medium Candida ID 2 for isolation and identification of Candida albicans and other medically important Candida species.

The usefulness of Candida ID 2 (CAID2) reformulated medium (bioMérieux, France) has been compared with that of the former Candida ID (CAID; bioMérieux), Albicans ID 2 (ALB2; bioMérieux), and CHROMagar Candida (CAC; Chromagar, France) chromogenic media for the isolation and presumptive identification of clinically relevant yeasts. Three hundred forty-five stock strains from culture collections, and 103 fresh isolates from different clinical specimens were evaluated. CAID2 permitted differentiation based on colony color between Candida albicans (cobalt blue; sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 97.2%) and Candida dubliniensis (turquoise blue; sensitivity, 97.9%; specificity, 96.6%). Candida tropicalis gave distinguishable pink-bluish colonies in 97.4% of the strains in CAID2 (sensitivity, 97.4%; specificity, 100%); the same proportion was reached in CAC, where colonies were blue-gray (sensitivity, 97.4%; specificity, 98.7%). CAC and CAID2 showed 100% sensitivity values for the identification of Candida krusei. However, with CAID2, experience is required to differentiate the downy aspect of the white colonies of C. krusei from other white-colony-forming species. The new CAID2 medium is a good candidate to replace CAID and ALB2, and it compares well to CAC for culture and presumptive identification of clinically relevant Candida species. CAID2 showed better results than CAC in some aspects, such as quicker growth and color development of colonies from clinical specimens, detection of mixed cultures, and presumptive differentiation between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.

Candida↗
PubMed2005

Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans colonization in patients wearing dental prosthesis.

BACKGROUND: Denture stomatitis is associated to Candida albicans, different bacteria and other co-factors such as an acid pH, a carbohydrate ingestion increase, different systemic illnesses and pharmacological treatments. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans prevalence in the mucous membrane and prosthesis of patients with and without atrophic denture stomatitis and its relationship with other potential clinical co-factors. STUDY DESIGN: Saliva was collected from 105 patients (62 female and 43 male) wearing dental prosthesis in order to measure their pH. Oral samples of the mucous membrane and the internal surface of dental prosthesis were taken with sterile cotton to proceed with the microbiological study. The identification of the isolated microorganisms was performed using conventional microbiological methods. RESULTS: Diabetes and Hypertension were the most frequent systemic illnesses. High carbohydrate ingestion was observed in numerous patients. Atrophic denture stomatitis was reported in 50 patients and the pH average in saliva was of 5.2. The presence of C albicans, S. aureus and S. mutans in the mucous membrane and prosthesis was of 51.4%, 52.4% and 67.6%, respectively. C. albicans was isolated in 66.7% from the prosthesis, whereas S. aureus and S. mutans were isolated in 49.5% of those same prosthesis. C. albicans was isolated in 86% of the patients with atrophic denture stomatitis and S. aureus was isolated in a similar percentage (84% of patients). The isolation of S. mutans was less frequent, and it was observed in 16% of the oral samples of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: C. albicans, S. aureus and S. mutans frequently colonize the oral mucous of patients wearing dental prosthesis. This illness-bearing condition is more frequent in patients with denture stomatitis, even though dental prosthesis colonization is lower than in the oral mucous.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Antifungal activity of posaconazole compared with fluconazole and amphotericin B against yeasts from oropharyngeal candidiasis and other infections.

OBJECTIVES: The in vitro antifungal activity of posaconazole was compared with that of fluconazole and amphotericin B. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A microdilution method (M27-A2) was used with 331 clinical yeast isolates. RESULTS: The geometric mean MICs of posaconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B were 0.16, 0.91 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively. Posaconazole was markedly more active than fluconazole and was active against 9/11 fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans, and five Candida glabrata had an MIC of posaconazole of 16 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that posaconazole is a potentially effective antifungal agent for the treatment of mycoses caused by yeasts.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2005

Point prevalence, microbiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral Candida isolates colonizing or infecting Mexican HIV/AIDS patients and healthy persons.

We have conducted a longitudinal study over a 3-year period to address the point prevalence, microbiological characteristics and antifungal susceptibility patterns of yeast isolates colonizing or infecting the oral cavities of 111 HIV-infected (51 adults, 60 children) and 201 non HIV-infected (109 adults, 92 children) Mexican persons. Regarding the epidemiology of oral candidiasis, Candida albicans was the most frequent species isolated. Seventy-one out of 85 isolates from colonized persons were C. albicans (83.5%), 27 isolates of them were from HIV-infected children and 44 from non HIV-infected patients. Sixty-two isolates belonged to serotype A which was the most prevalent serotype of C. albicans. Non-albicans species (Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were isolated from 16.5% of colonized patients and from 38.5% patients with candidiasis or Candida-related lesions. There were nine episodes of infection or colonization by at least 2 different yeast species. In the case of HIV/AIDS patients, it was determined that yeast carriage was not associated with the number of CD4+ cells or the viral load, but HAART reduced the prevalence of oral candidiasis. Overall, most patients harbored strains in vitro susceptible to fluconazole, however 10.8% of the yeasts were resistant to one or more azole antifungal agents and 29% were intermediate susceptible to them. On the contrary, 5-fluorocytosine was very active against all isolates tested, and amphotericin B was active against 97.9% of them.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

[In vitro antifungal activity of voriconazole against dermatophytes and superficial isolates of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis].

We have studied the in vitro antifungal activity of voriconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole against 252 clinical isolates of dermatophytes and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis by a standardized agar diffusion method (NeoSensitabs). Several important factors such as temperature (28 degrees C vs. 35 degrees C) and incubation time (2-10 days vs. 18-74 h) were adapted to dermatophytes and Scopulariopsis requirements. Voriconazole showed an excellent activity against most species of dermatophytes, higher than itraconazole and fluconazole. However, S. brevicaulis isolates were highly resistant to all azoles used in this study. Voriconazole might be an interesting antifungal alternative to refractory superficial mycoses.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2005

Supplementation of CHROMagar Candida medium with Pal's medium for rapid identification of Candida dubliniensis.

CHROMagar Candida medium is used for the isolation and identification of Candida species, but it does not differentiate Candida albicans from Candida dubliniensis. This differentiation can be achieved by using Pal's agar, which cannot be used in primary isolation. We have combined both media to obtain a new medium that can be used for the isolation and identification of C. dubliniensis in primary cultures.

Agar↗
PubMed2005

Oral Candida isolates colonizing or infecting human immunodeficiency virus-infected and healthy persons in Mexico.

Oral yeast carriage was studied in 312 Mexican subjects. Candida albicans was the most frequent species, but other Candida spp. were isolated from 16.5 to 38.5% of patients. Colonization did not correlate with CD4+ number or viral load, but highly active antiretroviral therapy reduced the frequency of candidiasis. Most isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, but 10.8% were resistant to one or more azoles.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sertaconazole: updated review of a topical antifungal agent.

Sertaconazole is an imidazole-type antifungal agent that has shown considerable in vitro activity against pathogenic fungi. Various studies carried out in animal models, clinical and toxicologic trials have confirmed the value of sertaconazole in the topical treatment of superficial mycoses in dermatology and gynecology. After several years of clinical experience in the topical treatment of dermatophytosis and Tinea versicolor, the substance has been approved for gynecologic candidiasis in Europe. Sertaconazole has a wide action spectrum that includes yeasts and dermatophyte fungi, and it is also active against bacteria, mainly Gram-positive cocci, making it highly efficient in the treatment of polymicrobial infections. The recent approval of the molecule by the US Food and Drug Administration, and the appearance of a new formulation of sertaconazole for the treatment of onychomycoses on a weekly administrative basis, are all data relevant to the process of marketing the product.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of a new commercial test (Candida albicans IFA IgG) for the serodiagnosis of invasive candidiasis].

INTRODUCTION: Two tests for the detection of antibodies to Candida albicans germ tubes in patients with invasive candidiasis were compared: a new commercially available test (Candida albicans IFA IgG) and the indirect immunofluorescence test generally used for this purpose. METHODS: With the use of two indirect immunofluorescence tests, retrospective study was done on 172 sera from 51 patients classified into two groups: Group I included 123 serum samples from 32 patients with invasive candidiasis, and Group II, the control, included 49 serum samples from 19 patients with no evidence of Candida infection. RESULTS: In Group I, 84% of patients presented anti-germ tube antibody titers >or= 1:160 by the Candida albicans IFA IgG test and 78.1% of patients were positive by the generally used test. There was a high correlation between the two tests (R2 =0.9512 by patients; R2 = 0.8986 by sera). When a titer value of >or= 1:160 was used as cutoff, the Candida albicans IFA IgG test showed a sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 94.7%, whereas the traditional test showed a sensitivity of 78.1% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The commercially available Candida albicans IFA IgG test is similar to the test generally used for the detection of antibodies to C. albicans germ tubes and provides faster and easier diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Typing fungal isolates: molecular methods and computerized analysis.

Infections caused by fungi (mycoses) are increasingly reported in many countries owing to greater life expectancy associated with an increase in quality of medical and surgical procedures, as well as the emergence of diseases or infections that affect the immune system such as AIDS. Nosocomial outbreaks of fungal infections are sometimes reported, and typing is then necessary to find the reservoirs, analyze the modes of transmission, study the antifungal susceptibility patterns, and investigate the susceptibility of the host. In addition, the food industry is increasingly demanding typing methods that could help in selection of the best fungal strains, in order to incorporate them in the productive chains and augment the quality and security of food. This is the case for Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the wine industry: the selection and characterization of indigenous or autochthonous strains is an important objective for the production of high-quality certified wines.Several genotyping methods are now widely used for strain delineation of medically or economically important microorganisms belonging to the kingdom Fungi. Most molecular typing methods are comparable to those already described for bacteria, although the peculiarities of their nucleic acids increase the number of available methods. Although typing procedures based on the analysis of nucleic acid sequences have been developed, most genotyping methods currently in use are electrophoretically based, and the procedures include the visual comparison of nucleic acid band profiles or their reading with the help of computerized software. Here we describe some of the most frequently used genotyping methods for fungi, based on polymerase chain reactions (PCR), the isolation of chromosomal or mitochondrial DNA, and their restriction using endonuclease enzymes. The latter methods are exclusive for typing eukaryotic organisms and are based on the expected polymorphism obtained from the separation of large chromosomes using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the restriction of mitochondrial or chromosomal DNA. More sophisticated methods, such as those that combine endonuclease restriction with hybridization, are also available, although their use is less extensive and is limited mostly to research laboratories.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Is there a role for antibody testing in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis?

During the last decades, the use of antibody tests for the diagnosis of invasive mycoses has declined as a consequence of the general belief that they are insensitive and non-specific. However, there is a clear evidence that antibodies can be detected in highly immunodeficient patients (such as bone marrow transplant recipients), and that those antibodies are useful for the diagnosis. Antibody tests are currently in use as diagnostic tools for some primary mycoses, such as the endemic mycoses, aspergilloma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilosis and sporothrichosis. For invasive candidiasis, diagnostic methods must differentiate Candida colonization of mucous membranes or superficial infection from tissue invasion by this microorganism. Substantial progress has been made in diagnosis of invasive candidiasis with the development of a variety of methods for the detection of antibodies and antigens. However, no single test has found widespread clinical use and there is a consensus that diagnosis based on a single specimen lacks sensitivity. It is necessary to test sequential samples taken while the patient is at greatest risk for developing invasive candidiasis to optimize the diagnosis. Results obtained from a panel of diagnostic tests in association with clinical aspects will likely be the most useful strategy for early diagnosis and therapy.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed2004

In-vitro activity of 5-fluorocytosine against 1,021 Spanish clinical isolates of Candida and other medically important yeasts.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary resistance to 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) among clinical isolates of yeasts in Spain where this drug is not currently available for therapy. We have tested the in vitro activity of 5FC against 1,021 recent yeast clinical isolates, including 522 Candida albicans, 140 Candida parapsilosis, 68 Candida glabrata, 41 Candida dubliniensis, 50 Candida guilliermondii, 34 Candida tropicalis, 28 Candida krusei, 20 Candida famata, 11 Cryptococcus neoformans, 5 Cryptococcus albidus, 43 Rhodotorula spp., 24 Trichosporon spp., 5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 9 Pichia spp., and 21 isolates from other 11 yeast species. The MICs were determined by the ATB Fungus agar microdilution test (bioMerieux, France) and the following interpretive breakpoints were used: susceptible, > 4 microg/ml; intermediate, 8 to 16 microg/ml; resistant, > 32 microg/ml. 5FC was very active against Candida spp. and other medically important yeasts as 852 (83.4%) of the studied isolates were susceptible (MIC < 4 microg/ml). The species most susceptible to 5FC were C. dubliniensis (100%of isolates; MIC90, 0.25 microg/ml), C. famata (100% of isolates; MIC90, 0.25 microg/ml), C. guilliermondii (98%of isolates; MIC90, 0.25 microg/ml), C. glabrata (95.5% of isolates; MIC90, 0.25 microg/ml), and C. neoformans (90.9% of isolates; MIC90, 2 microg/ml). Primary resistance to 5FC was very uncommon, and a MIC > 32 microg/ml, indicator of in vitro resistance, was observed in 106 isolates (10.4%): 77 C. albicans (16.5% of isolates; MIC90, > 128 microg/ml), 9 C. parapsilosis (6.4% of isolates; MIC90, 8 microg/ml), 4 C. albidus (80% of isolates, MIC50, > 128 microg/ml), 3 C. glabrata (4.4% of isolates; MIC90, 0.25 microg/ml), 3 C. tropicalis (8.8% of isolates; MIC90, 4 microg/ml), 2 C. krusei (7.1% of isolates; MIC90, 8 microg/ml), 2 Rhodotorula spp. (4.6% of isolates, MIC90, 1 microg/ml), 8 Trichosporon spp. (33.3% of isolates; MIC90, 64 microg/ml), and 1 C. lipolytica (50% of isolates). Interestingly, most C. albicans (67 out of 77 isolates) resistant to 5FC were serotype B isolates.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2004

Differences in extracellular enzymatic activity between Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans isolates.

Twenty-six Candida dubliniensis and 27 Candida albicans oral strains isolated from patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were tested for germ tube production and 21 extracellular enzymatic activities. Assessment of the enzymatic profile was performed by using the API-ZYM commercial kit system (bioMerieux, France), which tests 19 different enzymes. Protease activity was expressed during the first days of incubation by 100% of the strains studied and resulted higher than phospholipase activity in the C. dubliniensis and C. albicans strains tested. The API-ZYM profile of the C. dubliniensis and C. albicans strains differs with respect to the number and percentage of the enzymes considered, as well as with the intensity of the substrate metabolized by the strains, in particular for the enzymes n 8 (cystine-arylamidase), n 12 (naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase) and n 16 (alpha-glucosidase). These enzymes may be useful to differentiate C. dubliniensis and C. albicans together with other phenotypic characteristics proposed in the literature. No relationship among protease, phospholipase and other extracellular enzymatic activities was observed in C. dubliniensis. The average percentage of strains filamentation after 4 h was between 32 and 42%.

Candida↗
PubMed2004

A new caffeic acid minimal synthetic medium for the rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates.

Melanin production is one of the most important criteria for rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. Most of the media described in the literature for identifying C. neoformans are very complex; they contain many organic or inorganic compounds and are difficult to prepare and store. The new minimal synthetic caffeic acid medium described in this paper is simpler to prepare, convenient and constitutes an interesting new medium for the rapid identification of C. neoformans isolates.

Caffeic Acids↗
PubMed2003

Minimum fungicidal concentrations of amphotericin B for bloodstream Candida species.

Minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of amphotericin B were obtained for 165 bloodstream isolates (104 Candida parapsilosis, 14 C.glabrata, 13 C.tropicalis, 15 C.krusei, and 19 C.albicans) and 36 C.dubliniensis from oropharyngeal infections. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the M27-A microdilution method. MFCs (> or =99.9% killing) were obtained following MIC determination (inoculum size, 10(4) CFU/ml) by seeding the entire volume of all clear wells. The best fungicidal activity was for C. albicans, (MFC90 1 microg/ml) and the lowest for C.parapsilosis, C.tropicalis and C.glabrata (MFC90 16 microg/ml). Although MFCs were > or =16x MIC for some isolates, including C. glabrata, the overall MFCs were > or =2x MICs. However, major differences between MICs and MFCs were observed for C.parapsilosis and C.dubliniensis (3.8% and 8.9%, respectively, were tolerant: MFC > or =32MIC). MFCs for C.tropicalis and C. glabrata were > or =2 microg/ml. By this more stringent method we found substantial differences from those previously reported between amphotericin B MIC and MFCs for Candida spp.

Amphotericin B↗