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Biomedical subjects

Gurminder Singh

Publications and source records attributed to Gurminder Singh.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genomic Regions Associated with Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) Population HG Type 1.2.5.7 in Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

North Dakota, the largest dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) producing state in the U.S., faces an emerging production threat caused by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952). Host resistance is an effective management strategy, yet resistance to the virulent SCN population HG type 1.2.5.7 has not been genetically characterized in dry beans. In this study, 170 dry bean genotypes (113 breeding lines/cultivars and 57 germplasm accessions) were evaluated for response to HG type 1.2.5.7 under controlled conditions using female index (FI) as the resistance phenotype. FI values ranged from 4.1% to 78.1%, with one genotype (PI 313733) classified as resistant, 35 moderately resistant, 104 moderately susceptible, and 30 susceptible. Genome-wide association analysis using 2,044 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the 3.8K Bean Panel chip and the BLINK model identified four significant marker-trait associations on chromosomes Pv02, Pv05, Pv07, and Pv11. Linkage disequilibrium-defined candidate intervals spanned 108 kb (Pv02), 1.50 Mb (Pv05), 798 kb (Pv07), and 1.45 Mb (Pv11), collectively containing 126 annotated genes: 20 on Pv02, 39 on Pv05, 35 on Pv07, and 32 on Pv11. The intervals contained putative genes annotated for signaling and transcriptional regulation, cell wall and carbohydrate metabolism, transport, and secondary metabolism. Together, these findings indicate that the response to HG type 1.2.5.7 in dry bean is quantitative and associated with multiple genomic regions. The identified intervals provide candidate targets for independent validation, fine mapping, functional analysis, and future marker development to support breeding for SCN resistance.

Disease Resistance↗
PubMed2004

Readmission and overstay after day case nasal surgery.

BACKGROUND: A readmission is classified as a patient necessitating readmission to hospital due to a post-operative complication following discharge. An overstay however, is classified as a patient having to stay longer than the planned duration in hospital (not having been discharged in the interim) due to a post-operative complication. This study aims to investigate patient-related factors that predispose to readmission or overstay and thus make recommendations to decrease the likelihood of readmission or overstay. METHOD: In this retrospective study 312 'day-case nasal procedures', were selected from a total cohort of 4274 ENT patients over a 17-month period. This sub-group was investigated for a range of demographic factors including, age, gender and ethnicity with regards to their relationship to readmission rates and overstay frequency and duration. RESULTS: The rates were 2.88% and 9.62% for readmission and overstay respectively. The total number of days spent in hospital as a result of readmission was 27. Epistaxis was the leading cause for readmission/overstay (28.9%) followed by high levels of post-operative pain preventing them from being discharged (23.7%). All procedures in this study had readmission rates that were below those recommended in the guidelines set by the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Women overstayed significantly longer (t = 1.65, p < 0.05) than men. CONCLUSIONS: Suitable candidates for day-case ENT surgery highlighted by this study include healthy individuals between the ages of 20 and 60. Operating in the morning would increase the immediate post-operative recovery time, which may reduce the numbers of patients who complain of high levels of pain at the time of discharge. Procedures such as septorhinoplasty being performed routinely in the ambulatory setting require additional research into more effective methods of pain control. Standards need to be improved so that the causes of overstay and readmission are clearly identifiable in patient records.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Identification and cellular localisation of NPW1 (GPR7) receptors for the novel neuropeptide W-23 by [125I]-NPW radioligand binding and immunocytochemistry.

Using a novel radioligand, we have identified high-affinity binding sites (K(D)=0.44+/-0.13 nM) for the recently discovered peptide, neuropeptide W (NPW), in rat brain. Binding density was highest in the amygdala (B(max)=149.9+/-13.8 fmol/mg protein), thalamic, and hypothalamic nuclei. A similar distribution was observed in mouse brain. We have confirmed the identity of these binding sites as the G-protein-coupled receptor, NPW(1) (previously designated orphan receptor GPR7), using site-directed antisera that revealed receptors were expressed by neuronal cell bodies and processes. Additionally, we have demonstrated the presence of NPW-like immunoreactivity in neuronal cell bodies in areas projecting to the amygdala, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus and ventral tegmental area, providing evidence for an emerging new transmitter system.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Does medical school cause health anxiety and worry in medical students?

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the self-reported experience of health anxiety and worry in medical students compared with control subjects. It was hypothesised that medical students would experience more health anxiety as a consequence of being exposed to medical education, compared to students who are not routinely exposed to such knowledge. DESIGN: The design was cross-sectional. SETTING: Participants were recruited from London University (Guy's, King's & St Thomas' School of Medicine and King's College). PARTICIPANTS: Medical students (n = 449) and non-medical students (n = 485) were recruited across Years 1-4. Questionnaires relating to health anxiety and worry were completed at the end of their lectures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health anxiety was measured using a questionnaire known as the Health Anxiety Questionnaire (HAQ). Worry was assessed using the Anxious Thoughts Inventory (ANTI). RESULTS: Health anxiety was significantly lower in medical students in Years 1 and 4 than in controls (P = 0.017 and P < 0.001, respectively). Worry was significantly lower in the medical students in all years of study. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students are not a cohort of preselected health-anxious people, nor are they 'worriers'. Medical education at a clinical level was shown to mitigate health anxiety in the medical student population.

Anxiety↗