PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

György Paragh

Publications and source records attributed to György Paragh.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The role of orlistat in the treatment of obesity].

The overweight and obesity represent severe problems for the health management system of developed countries. In the evolution of obesity, beside genetic background, the environmental factors also play important roles. In the daily routine, the majority of obese patients need drug treatment, over the diet and physical activity. Among the available medicines the inhibitors of monoamine re-uptake causes dry mouth, tachycardia, sleeplessness and elevated blood pressure, therefore, due to the frequently associated obesity and hypertension many physicians avoid using these compounds. The orlistat as a selective inhibitor of pancreatic and enteral lipase enzymes impedes the absorption of the highest calorie containing nutrients, the fats exerting beneficial effects in the treatment of obesity. The abdominal bloating and diarrhea as side effects of the drug may act as an advantage in many cases, since these happen especially in those cases when the patient neglects the previously suggested low fat diet and therefore the drug induced diarrhea and bloating may mean a feed-back for the patient in respect of the proper diet. Recent studies show many beneficial biochemical changes in obesity related pathological metabolic processes during the administration of orlistat. The authors, in their present work review in short the role of orlistat in the treatment of slimming cure.

Anti-Obesity Agents↗
PubMed2005

[Diabetic metabolic emergencies].

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome are two acute complications of diabetes that may result in high mortality. Effective standardized treatment protocols, as well as prompt identification and treatment of the precipitating cause, are important factors affecting outcome. The authors review the pathomechanism, clinical features, complications and current recommendations for management of ketoacidosis and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome. In patients with type 2 diabetes may develop anaerobic (type A) lactic acidosis from tissue hypoxia, while aerobic (type B) lactic acidosis is a rare complication of biguanide therapy if contraindications to metformin are observed. Mortality remains very high, especially when serious comorbidities are present. Hypoglycaemia is a major factor preventing patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes from achieving near-normal plasma glucose targets. The authors summarize clinical presentation and therapeutic possibilities of hypoglycaemia on the basis of the literature.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed2005

Detection of citrate synthase-reacting autoantibodies after heart transplantation: an epitope mapping study.

Autoimmune mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of allograft vasculopathy following heart transplantation, but the autoantigens involved have been only sparsely studied. Citrate synthase (CS) enzyme is a conserved molecule, and, as an important mitochondrial autoantigen, it is protected by the "immunological homunculus". Tissue destruction and alteration of the immune regulatory mechanisms can induce pathological immune response against CS in other autoimmune diseases. In our present study we aimed to detect CS-specific autoantibodies in heart transplant patients, therefore, prospective, randomised clinical tests were conducted on 33 heart transplant patients and compared with 130 healthy blood donors. The level and isotype of CS antibodies were detected by simple binding indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The epitope specificities of the autoantibodies were measured on synthetic overlapping peptide sequences of CS enzyme by an indirect multi-pin ELISA method. Mainly IgM isotype CS autoantibodies were found in healthy controls, while IgG was found at higher levels and frequency (four-times higher) in heart transplant patients. Autoantibodies of IgG isotype recognise different epitopes than do autoantibodies of IgM isotype, even within the same group and individual. New epitope-specific IgG and IgM isotype autoantibodies appeared in heart transplant patients when compared with the controls. Our findings suggest a possible role of CS-specific autoantibodies in the pathomechanism of allograft vasculopathy.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed2005

[Achieving the target lipid levels in Hungary, 2004].

INTRODUCTION: Recent European and Hungarian guidelines of cardiovascular prevention have clearly defined the target levels in lipid lowering therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk status of patients receiving long term lipid lowering therapy and the rate of achievement of target level in a Hungarian multicenter trial. METHOD: The investigation was performed in January and February of 2004 involving general practitioners and specialists (cardiologists, lipidologists). Applying a questionnaire the authors asked for risk factors and the further implementations in the knowledge of results of each doctors' 10 consecutive patients receiving lipid lowering therapy for at least one year. RESULTS: LDL target levels accepted by the Hungarian Therapic Consensus Conference was achieved in 22% of GP's patients and 27% of specialists' patients, in 24% of patients, in average. According to risk stratification, the 83% of patients receiving lipid lowering therapy were at high risk, and 79% of these did not reach the suggested target level of serum total cholesterol. In 54% of patients not achieving target level the doctors continue the therapy without any modification. Considering therapy modification in the rest of patients, a dose increase was intended in 61%, change of drug in 31% of cases, and rarely the combination therapy. CONCLUSION: While only a quarter of patients receiving lipid lowering treatment achieved the target levels, along with wide spreading of this kind of therapy further efforts should be made in order to achieve the levels defined in guidelines with dose increase or combination of appropriate drugs.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Epidemiological data of 15-18 year adolescents and the prevalence of hypertension in Debrecen. The Debrecen Hypertension Study].

AIM: To perform a blood pressure screening program in Debrecen secondary school students according to international guidelines. To obtain epidemiological data about factors influencing adolescent blood pressure using a questionnaire. To repeat the blood pressure measurements in case of elevated systolic and/or diastolic readings, and to determinate the prevalence of adolescent hypertension in Debrecen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All high school attending students in Debrecen (n = 10359) participated in the study. Measurements were obtained by a validated, automated, digital OMRON M4 device. RESULTS: Gender distribution was nearly equal in our sample: 50.64% male, 49.36% female. The mean age was 16.55 +/- 0.99 years. Boys were 10 cm taller and 10 kg heavier on average than girls. Hypertension in family history was prevalent in 10.8% of mothers and in 11.7% of fathers. Every fifth adolescent (19.7%) was a regularly smoker, while 12.2% of the studied population drank alcohol in a weekly basis. Leisure time sporting activity was characteristic only for 31.9%, while 11.2% of the young people usually felt stress and 15.1% regularly salted their food. Low birth weight (< 2500 gram) was recorded in 6.7% of the adolescents. Systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure exceeded the 90th percentile for the age, gender and height specific subgroups in 1614 cases. Repeated measurements were performed in 1461 cases on two different occasions. Averaging the 3 x 3 measurements, hypertension was confirmed in 216 cases. The prevalence of the disease in this population was 2.53%. CONCLUSION: The recognition, treatment and follow-up of hypertension among adolescent population, is of immense importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Homozygosity for the 168His variant of the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 is associated with reduced risk of primary Sjögren's syndrome.

The genes for the human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCA7 and the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 are juxtaposed in close proximity on chromosome 19p13.3. The multispan transmembrane protein ABCA7 contains an extracellular domain that is recognized by antisera from patients with Sjögren's syndrome ("Sjögren-epitope"). Recent work from our laboratory demonstrating the involvement of ABCA7 in cellular ceramide and phosphatidylserine export suggests a role for this transporter in programmed cell death. In HA-1, a protein of unknown function, a His/Arg polymorphism (His168Arg), which constitutes the immunologic target for HA-1-specific cytotoxic T cells, has been causatively linked to graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Because these findings suggest a potential implication of ABCA7 and HA-1 in immune processes, we tested the hypothesis that allelic variants in both genes are associated with autoimmune disorders. We identified a total of 31 exonic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the ABCA7/HA-1 gene complex, nine of which represent non-synonymous nucleotide alterations. Genotypes of ABCA7 and HA-1 SNP were determined in three distinct Caucasian populations of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and ethnically matched controls. Comparison of allele frequencies between these groups revealed that the incidence of the HA-1 168His allele is significantly lower in Sjögren's syndrome patients than in controls (p<0.003). In contrast, the frequencies of all ABCA7 allelic variants and additional HA-1 polymorphisms were similar in patients and controls. In cohorts of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, no significant differences in the frequencies of ABCA7 and HA-1 allelic variants were observed relative to controls. Our results suggest that the HA-1 168His variant is associated with reduced susceptibility to primary Sjögren's syndrome.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMed2005

The prandial insulin sensitivity-modifying effect of vagal stimulation in rats.

The effect of left cervical vagal nerve stimulation was studied on insulin sensitivity to test the proposed permissive insulin-sensitizing role of hepatic vagal parasympathetic efferent pathways in fasted and fed anesthetized rats. In fed animals, electrical stimulation (square impulses: 25 V, 5 Hz, 0.5 milliseconds over 15 minutes) of the vagal nerve induced hyperglycemia and an increase in plasma insulin immunoreactivity. Atropine (1.0 mg/kg intravenously) induced insulin resistance estimated by rapid insulin sensitivity testing. This was amplified when the vagal nerve was stimulated. The insulin-resistant state developed by fasting was not modified by either treatment with atropine or electrical stimulation. We conclude that both parasympathetic cholinergic and noncholinergic vagal efferents modulate postprandial neurogenic insulin sensitivity adjustments.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effect of hyperlipidemia on QT dispersion in patients without ischemic heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Lipoproteins are known to exert direct and indirect effects on cardiovascular function, but their effects on ventricular repolarization have not yet been clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of hyperlipidemia on the longest QT interval (QTmax) of the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and on QT dispersion (QTd) in type IIb hyperlipidemic patients without myocardial ischemia, and to compare these patients with healthy control subjects. METHODS: Ninety-six hyperlipidemic patients (44 men and 52 women; mean age 53+/-13 years) and 101 healthy control subjects (43 men and 58 women; mean age 46+/-16 years) were examined. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) A1, apo B, lipoprotein(a), QTmax and QTd were measured. According to heart rate, corrected QTmax and corrected QTd were also determined. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed between the two groups of subjects with respect to serum cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride, apo B, QTmax, corrected QTmax, QTd and corrected QTd. A positive significant correlation was found between cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and all of the studied ECG parameters, between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and QTmax, apo B and QTd, and between body mass index and all of the studied ECG markers. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperlipidemia may have a direct effect on the studied ECG markers.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Atorvastatin effect on high-density lipoprotein-associated paraoxonase activity and oxidative DNA damage.

OBJECTIVE: High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated antioxidant paraoxonase (PON) may reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and prevent atherosclerosis. The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor atorvastatin on hydrogen-peroxide-induced DNA damage by comet assay and the correlation between oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant PON activity. METHODS: Thirteen type-II/a hyperlipidemic patients were enrolled in the study. We examined the effect of 10 mg/day atorvastatin treatment on lipid levels and the degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes separated from hyperlipidemic patients, nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), PON levels and activity. RESULTS: After 6 months, atorvastatin treatment significantly decreased serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. The triglyceride level did not change, and there was no significant change in the HDL cholesterol level. The visual score characteristic to the degree of DNA damage in comet assay was significantly decreased, as well as the TBARS level, while the level of NO was non-significantly increased. PON activity and the PON/HDL ratio were significantly increased after atorvastatin treatment. There was a negative correlation between DNA damage and PON activity, as well as between DNA damage and the PON/HDL ratio before and after atorvastatin treatment. CONCLUSION: These findings show that atorvastatin treatment favorably affected the lipid profile, increasing the activity of HDL-associated PON and decreasing the cytotoxic effect of oxidative stress.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The non-lipid effects of statins].

In the past 15 years statins have gained recognition as one of the successful drugs in cardiovascular therapy and are now regarded as important as the beta blocking agents and ACE inhibitors. Since the publication of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study in 1994, the clinical application of statins has become increasingly widespread. Numerous large-scale clinical end-point trials have demonstrated that statin therapy reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Their beneficial therapeutic effects, besides their lipid lowering role, have been attributed to their non-lipid modifying ability, called the pleiotropic effect. The clinical consequences of the latter are not well understood, simply because differentiating between their lipid modifying and pleiotropic effects is not possible in vivo. In this article the authors summarize the evidence of the pleiotropic effects based on results of the latest in vitro experiments. They describe the influence of statins on endothelial dysfunction and thrombus formation, their anti-inflammatory, plaque-stabilizing and antioxidant effects, as well as their CRP and angiogenesis modifying non-lipid effects. The authors further discuss the effects of these drugs on tumors, osteoporosis and dementia. Although all members of the statin family inhibit the same enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase), their various pharmacokinetic properties, and tissue selectivity (lipophilicity and hydrophilicity) are responsible for their different pleiotropic effects.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[New treatment option for decreasing blood cholesterol level--clinical significance of inhibition of both, cholesterol absorption and synthesis].

In the development of hypercholesterinaemia two factors play an important role. There is the cholesterol-uptake through the gastrointestinal tract, about 300-700 mg daily depending on the diet, on the other hand gastrointestinal tract plays important role in the reabsorption of cholesterol excreted through the bile by the liver, the amount of which takes 1000 mg. It means that about 1300-1700 mg cholesterol is absorbed in the small intestine daily. Previous major studies have demonstrated that statins, the drugs that have been proved to be the most efficient in decreasing the cholesterol level, can decrease both total and cardiovascular mortality. This effect highly depends on the rate of cholesterol level decrease. Thus, their application in higher doses has been recently suggested to reach the target level, which is performed by dose titration. If the desired effect is not achieved with the starting dose of statins, a doubling of dosage only leads to 6% additional LDL-cholesterol level decrease. During long term administration the so called "escape phenomenon" can be observed, which means that the use of these drugs for a longer period reduces their cholesterol decreasing effect. Higher doses increase the risk of adverse effects, and the "escape phenomenon" decreases the effectiveness. To avoid these effects the combination therapy is recommended for use. In combination therapy drugs with different mechanisms of action should be administered, which increase therapeutic effect, but keep the number of adverse effects decreased or unchanged. Concomitant administration of former known lipid lowering agents--beyond enhancing cholesterol level decrease--has unfortunately increased the frequency of adverse effects as well. In this regard, ezetemibe, the cholesterol absorption inhibitor appears to be promising since it selectively decreases the absorption of cholesterol from intestinal epithelial cell, resulting in an 18-22% LDL-cholesterol decrease. At the same time the decreased uptake from the gastrointestinal tract triggers the endogen cholesterol synthesis in the liver. When this process is inhibited by statin, more impressive cholesterol decreasing effect can be reached. Clinical studies with concurrent use of ezetimibe and statin have confirmed this view. Decreasing cholesterol level at more attack points offers a possibility to reach target values without a significant increase in the risk of adverse effects. So with combination and dual inhibition a more significant cholesterol lowering effect can be obtained beside the decrease of side effects.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed2004

Serum cholesterols have a more important role than triglycerides in determining intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in subjects younger than 55 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: The role of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in carotid artery atherosclerosis is controversial. We measured carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of atherosclerosis in subjects younger than 55 years of age with a 6-fold range of serum cholesterol levels (3.93-25.03 mmol/L) and a 200-fold range of triglyceride levels (0.36-75.97 mmol/L). METHODS: Eighty-six patients with increased serum lipid values and 30 subjects with normal lipid values were included. Serum lipids were measured after an overnight fast. High-resolution sonographic investigations of the carotid arteries of all patients were videotaped. Intima-media thickness was measured offline at 1-mm increments in the distal 10-mm segments of both common carotid arteries by a reader blinded to patient characteristics. First, IMT was compared among groups defined by their cholesterol and triglyceride levels with the use of traditional cutoff values. Next, all subjects were pooled, and general regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of IMT with age, body mass index, lipid values, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking status as independent variables. RESULTS: Intima-media thickness was larger in patient groups with high cholesterol levels (ie, the hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic groups) than in the control, borderline, and isolated hypertriglyceridemic groups (P < .01). In the general multiple regression model, IMT correlated positively with total cholesterol level (beta = 0.343; P = .002) and age (beta = 0.3; P = .006) but not with triglyceride level. CONCLUSIONS: Both the group comparisons and the general regression analysis of the pooled data suggest that hypercholesterolemia has an important role in early onset IMT changes in the common carotid artery, whereas hypertriglyceridemia does not have an appreciable role.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Antilipemic therapy and rhabdomyolysis].

The authors review the pathomechanism and frequency of side effects (myopathy and rhabdomyolysis) of the lipid lowering agents, statins and fibrates, on the basis of large prospective studies. They review in detail the possible pathomechanism of myopathy as caused by statins and fibrates. The cytochrome P450 enzyme system plays a role in the interaction of other drugs with long term statin therapy. The long term administration of statin and fibrate to patients with primary and secondary hyperlipidemia was considered safe on the basis of our experience and literature data. The combination of statin and fibrate is also considered safe and useful in the treatment of combined hyperlipidemia. As a precautionary measure, we emphasize the ruling out of liver, kidney and muscular diseases in such patients. Lipid lowering therapy is efficient in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases if applied cautiously.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed2003

Rapid genotyping of paraoxonase 55 and 192 mutations by melting point analysis using real time PCR technology.

BACKGROUND: Paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme was identified as one of the components of HDL responsible for prevention of lipid peroxides accumulation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). A triphasic phenotypic frequency distribution of PON1 activity was shown in the human population resulted by two nucleotide interchanges at residues 55 and 192. The paraoxonase isoforms have different effectiveness in hydrolysing lipid peroxides. METHODS: To date, genotyping for PON1 is mainly performed by PCR RFLP technique, that is time consuming and sensitive to contamination. We developed highly reliable single-step methods for genotyping both PON1 55 and 192 polymorphisms using LightCycler real time PCR technology based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. After the ultrafast PCR, melting point analysis was performed and fluorescence intensity was monitored simultaneously with slow heating. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The observed melting temperatures in the PON1 55 and 192 melting point analyses characteristic to the oligonucleotides hybridised to the mutant and wild-type DNA were 57 degrees C, 61 degrees C and 51.5 degrees C, 57.5 degrees C, respectively. The temperature differences in melting points (4 degrees C and 6 degrees C, respectively) offer a powerful tool for rapid, reliable mutation detection for 55 and 192 polymorphisms even in routine diagnostic laboratories or large epidemiological studies.

Aryldialkylphosphatase↗
PubMed2002

[Frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients with folic acid supplementation].

BACKGROUND: It is known that hyperhomocystinemia is an independent risk factor for development of atherosclerosis. In end stage renal disease the frequency of hyperhomocystinemia is much greater than in normal populations. AIM: In this study homocystein (Hcy), folic acid and vitamin B12 concentrations were determined in 125 chronic renal failure patients being on folic acid supplementation (3 mg/day). In 107 patients the frequency of C667T polymorphism of methylene tetrahyrofolate reductase (MTHFR) was also determined. The relationships between these parameters were also studied. RESULTS: It was found that in these patients who are under continuous folic acid supplementation the mean level of homocysteine was 16.8 +/- 7.2 mumol/L, a value considerably lower than the homocysteine concentration reported for non-supplemented patients. The elevation of homocysteine concentrations was independent of gender, time spent in renal replacement therapy, and the type of renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis: 17.6 +/- 12.6; hemodiafiltration: 16.6 +/- 12.9 mumol/L). Data showed an inverse relation between plasma homocysteine concentrations and the concentrations of folic acid and vitamin B12. Moderately severe hyperhomocystinemia (Hcy > 20 mumol/L) was found in about 30% of patients. In those the frequency of patients for homozygous T677 allele of MTHFR was about 25-30%. However, in all ESRD patients the frequency of the homozygotes was the same then in the normal population. Homocysteine plasma levels correlated with MTHFR polymorphism: in the wild type group Hcy was 14 +/- 7 mumol/L, in the heterozygous group was 17.2 +/- 6.2 mumol/L, and in the homozygous group was 21 +/- 19 mumol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term folic acid supplementation decreased the homocysteine level in end stage renal disease patients. However, in folic acid resistant group, who were in 30% homozygotes for C667T of MTHFR (suggesting that homocysteine-methionine remethylation cycle is disturbed), instead of the administration of folic acid, methylene tetrahydrofolate supplementation might be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Determination of DNA damage induced by oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic patients.

In the present paper, we report data on the genotoxic properties of hydrogen peroxide in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNLs) separated from normolipidemic and type II/a hyperlipidemic patients. In all, 15 hyperlipidemic patients (11 female, 4 male, mean age 54.6+/-10.25 years) were involved in the study, and 7 normolipidemic patients (5 female, 2 male, mean age 53.4+/-8.07 years) served as controls. Using the comet assay, there was a significant difference in the degree of DNA damage between the two groups. The visual score characteristic of the degree of DNA damage was 350.97+/-31.31 in the hyperlipidemic group, while it was 289.5+/-29.49 in the control group (P<0.001). In the hyperlipidemic patients, a positive correlation was found between the degree of DNA damage and the basic oxidation of PMNLs (r=0.517), and the superoxide anion production of the cells stimulated with phorbolmiristate acetate (PMA) (r=0.326) and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) (r=0.525) as well. There was a negative correlation between DNA damage and HDL-associated antioxidant paraoxonase (PON) activity (r=-0.469), and the PON/HDL ratio (r=-0.631). No correlation was found between the degree of DNA damage and the plasma concentration of nitric oxide (NO) (r=0.098) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) (r=0.061) in hyperlipidemic patients. Our results show that in hyperlipidemic patients there is an increase in lymphocyte DNA damage caused by oxidative stress when compared to normolipidemic individuals as demonstrated by comet assay. Decreased antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic patients may play a significant role in this process.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Serum paraoxonase activity changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VAD) increases with aging of the population. The role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of AD is unclear: apoE(2) offers protection and apoE(3) is neutral, while apoE(4) promotes the development of the disease. Recently, several studies have confirmed the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD and VAD. HDL-associated paraoxonase is one of the antioxidative enzymes that may reduce LDL oxidation. In our study, we investigated the lipid parameters of the sera and the serum paraoxonase activity in patients with AD and VAD. Lipid parameters were determined by an autoanalyzer in 30 AD patients, 40 VAD patients and 40 healthy, age-matched control (C) subjects. Paraoxonase activity was measured spectrophotometrically using paraoxon as the substrate. The phenotypic distribution of paraoxonase was determined by the dual substrate method, using paraoxon and phenylacetate as substrates. In our results, we found that most of the patients with AD had the apoE(4) isoform, consistent with other studies. In the VAD and AD patients we found significantly higher total-cholesterol compared to the control group (C: 4.71 +/- 0.89, VAD: 6.3 +/- 0.8, AD: 6.52 +/- 0.7 mmol/l; p < 0.01) and LDL-cholesterol levels (C: 2.6 +/- 0.6, VAD: 3.96 +/- 0.8, AD: 3.84 +/- 0.6 mmol/l; p < 0.001). The HDL-associated antioxidant, paraoxonase activity did not differ significantly in the patient groups, but compared to the healthy control subjects, paraoxonase activity was significantly lower in both of the patient groups (C: 188 +/- 55 U/l; AD: 131 +/- 37, VAD: 151 +/- 50 l; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that the defect in HDL-associated antioxidant capacity plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

Alzheimer Disease↗