Biomedical subjects

Gyula Kovács

Publications and source records attributed to Gyula Kovács.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

NR2B receptors are involved in the mediation of spinal segmental reflex potentials but not in the cumulative motoneuronal depolarization in vitro.

Windup, the frequency dependent build-up of spinal neuronal responses is an electrophysiological model of the development of the central sensitization in the chronic pain states. NR2B subunit containing NMDA-type glutamate receptors are implicated in the windup of dorsal horn neurons, while their role at the motoneuronal level is controversial. The cumulative motoneuronal depolarization in hemisected rat spinal cord preparation is an in vitro model of windup. The role of NR2B receptors in this process, and in the mediation of dorsal root stimulation evoked ventral root reflex potentials was elucidated. Three selective NR2B antagonists; CP-101,606; CI-1041 and Co-101244 (1 microM) were used. They had only weak, but statistically significant inhibitory effect on the early part of ventral root response, and did not influence the cumulative depolarization. On the contrary, non-selective NMDA antagonist APV (40 microM) decreased both responses markedly. We conclude that the pharmacological sensitivities of windup at the sensory and motor levels are different. NR2B containing NMDA receptors have major role in the mediation of the windup of dorsal horn neurons, but their contribution to this phenomenon at the motor level is negligible.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Smelling human sex hormone-like compounds affects face gender judgment of men.

Although strong cross-sensory interactions between visual, tactile and auditory modalities have already been shown, we know little about how chemosensory information affects processing in other sensory modalities. We studied whether smelling gender-specific odorous sex hormone-like steroids: 5-alpha-androgenst-16-en-3-one (androgen) or oestra-1, 3, 5 (10), 16-tetraen-3-ol (estrogen) can bias face gender discrimination. We found that, as a result of inhalation of androgen, men perceive faces to be more masculine as compared to when they are exposed to estrogen. Our results provide evidence for specific cross-sensory effects of the gender-specific chemosensory cues on the categorization of visual face gender.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

NR2B containing NMDA receptor dependent windup of single spinal neurons.

Windup, the frequency dependent build-up of spinal neuronal responses, is implicated in the development of central sensitization of nociceptive pathways. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have been shown to be involved in these processes but the role of various receptor subtypes at the spinal level is not fully understood. In our experiments, we compared the inhibitory effect of MK-801 (a nonselective NMDA receptor antagonist, 0.01-3 mg/kg i.v.) and CI-1041 (an NR2B subunit specific NMDA receptor antagonist, 0.3-10 mg/kg i.v.) on the formation of dorsal horn neuronal windup in spinalized rats, in vivo. Both types of antagonist blocked windup considerably at doses not affecting the normal synaptic transmission. These results are in agreement with the well-documented effectivity of NR2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonists in chronic pain models and give the first direct evidence that spinal mechanisms are involved in this effect.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2003

Inverted faces.

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Face↗

PubMed2002

[Surgical aspects in the treatment of myasthenia gravis].

We treated 81 patients suffering from myasthenia with thymectomy in a 10-year period (1991-2000). We think, that thymectomy must be carried out in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, unless contraindications are present. The operation is not urgent and in the preoperative period patients must reach optimal condition with the help of standard medical treatment. The result of the operation is influenced by the length of time between the beginning of the complaints and the operation. The best results can be expected when the operation is performed in less than 2 years time, however an operation performed later may also be successful. We operated on 63% (n = 51) of the patients between 4-12 months, on 18% (n = 15) between 13-24 months and on 18.6% (n = 15) more than 25 months after the beginning of the complaints. Complete thymectomy was performed in all patients through median sternotomy. We had no operative mortality. Our postoperative results were evaluated with Jaretzki classification: 75% of our patients are in remission and asymptomatic (n = 61).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Jejunal feeding in necrotizing pancreatitis or after esophagectomy].

Has early jejunal glutamine-rich diet any advantage in the treatment of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis and after oesophagectomy? Eleven patients suffering from necrotizing pancreatitis and 23 patients operated on radically for esophageal cancer were fed intra jejunally with glutamine-rich Stresson Multi Fibre diet. Eight patients with necrotising pancreatitis and 13 oesophagectomy patients were fed with glutamine-poor Nutrition Multi Fibre. Nutritional status, serum proteins, acute phase proteins, immune-globulins, complement components (C3, C4), the ratio of subsets of peripheral lymphocytes were analysed on the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 10th days. Serum protein parameters were measured by laser nephelometry. CD cell surface antigen expression was measured with flow cytofluorometry, activity of phagocytes with whole blood chemiluminescences. Laboratory parameters showed an improvement during the 10-day-treatment in both diet types, but significant improvement could be measured only in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis and fed with Stresson Multi Fibre: IgG (p < 0.05), serum protein (p < 0.02), prealbumin (p < 0.05), retinol binding protein (p < 0.03). The different diets did not cause difference in the laboratory results of the oesophagectomy patients. Early immune-enhancing diet improved serum proteins, acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins significantly in necrotizing pancreatitis. The length of hospital stay also decreased.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Mydeton: a centrally acting muscle relaxant drug from Gedeon Richter LTD].

Since its introduction in 1959 tolperisone hydrochloride (Mydeton) is still one of the leading products of Gedeon Richter Ltd. It has been successfully applied for treating different painful muscle spasms. The compound is successfully marketed also by several foreign, mostly Japanese, pharmaceutical companies, as a central muscle relaxant agent. The present summary overviews the pharmacology of tolperisone, with special emphasize on its still partly understood way of action. Data from the scientific literature as well as our own experimental results strongly support the hypothesis that inhibition of voltage gated sodium channels is a major component of the mechanism of action of tolperisone. The paper also summarizes the clinical results with tolperisone and the perspectives of the therapeutic use of centrally acting muscle relaxants.

Animals↗