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Biomedical subjects

H A Elder

Publications and source records attributed to H A Elder.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Human studies to measure the effect of antibiotic residues.

This epidemiological study compares the frequency of resistant bacteria in stool microflora among vegetarians and nonvegetarians over a 12 month period. Two well characterized vegetarian populations (one in Boston, MA and the other in Loma Linda, CA) as well as appropriate controls were studied. No apparent differences in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the microflora were noted; however, vegetarians had a significantly greater incidence of multi-antibiotic resistance. E. coli of the same API biotype had the same frequency of antibiotic resistance in both vegetarians and nonvegetarians. Quantitative studies showed similar percents of tetracycline resistant facultative isolates and of "bacteroides." Klebsiella were more common in the stool of the nonvegetarians. As shown in previous studies, exposure to animal products either as meat eaters or production workers in a poultry abattoir was not associated with an increased incidence of resistant bacterial flora or infections caused by resistant strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Serologic investigation of an outbreak of hepatitis A in a rural day-care center.

We studied an outbreak of hepatitis A in a day-care center in a rural community where less than 7 per cent of the population possessed anti-HAV. Serotesting for IgM specific antibody to hepatitis A virus identified 78 cases in center attendees, staff, and families. Thirty-five per cent of the center children were seropositive. In children under age three anicteric infection was at least 17 times more frequent than icteric infection, but in older children and adults icterus was a predominant manifestation of the disease. Clinical suspicion should be high in any day-care child with nausea, emesis, diarrhea, or arthralgia. The low incidence of icterus in infected children suggested that outbreak reports reaching public health departments are likely to be incomplete and poorly indicative of outbreak magnitude. The high frequency of intrafamilial transmission and anicteric infection appeared to justify administration of immune serum globulin to household contacts of center children under age three when a day-care outbreak is detected.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Bacteroides meningitis successfully treated with metronidazole.

Bacteriodes meningitis without associated cerebral abscess occurred in an elderly man who had a long history of chronic otitis media. Anaerobic cultures of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed bacteroides organisms. Sensitivity testing showed them to be resistant to penicillin and chloramphenicol but sensitive to metronidazole. Appropriate therapy with this agent eradicated the causative organisms and produced rapid clinical improvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.

A comparison of 13 vegetarian Seventh Day Adventists with 14 nonvegetarian Adventists revealed relatively few statistically significant differences in fecal flora. A separate study involved a comparison of vegetarian Adventists (49 subjects), nonvegetarian Adventists (45), and non-Adventists on a conventional American diet (31) re: the incidence of the C. paraputrificum group in the fecal flora. The Adventist groups had significantly fewer C. septicum and C. tertium isolates than the non-Adventists. Reference to earlier diet studies done by our group revealed certain striking differences. Fusobacterium and C. perfringens counts were very low and lactobacillus counts very high in Adventists as compared with Japanese-Americans on either a Japanese or Western diet or Caucasian individuals on a conventional U.S. diet. Comparison of nonvegetarian Adventists with the other groups on a nonvegetarian Western diet also revealed several statistically significant differences. Finally, there were a number of significant differences in fecal flora when high risk groups (Japanese-Americans on Western diet and Caucasians on conventional U.S. diet) were compared with low risk groups (Japanese-Americans on a Japanese diet and Adventists).

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

Hematogenous candida osteomyelitis. Report of three cases and review of the literature.

Candida osteomyelitis of the spine and intervertebral disc developed in three patients without evidence of back trauma of overlying cutaneous infection. Two patients were prone to the development of disseminated candidiasis by the use of multiple antibiotics and other predisposing modalities following abdominal surgery. One patient had no identifiable cause for development of the infection. The diagnosis was established in all three cases by x-ray evidence of osteomyelitis and culture from needle aspirate. Two patients had bone scans consistent with infection. Each patient received different therapy. One was treated with amphotericin B, one with spinal fusion and 5-fluorocytosine, and one with no antifungal therapy. All patients had complete healing of the involved vertebrae. Candida organisms have the potential to cause destructive bone infection following hematogenous dissemination. The presence of Candida osteomyelitis may be helpful in diagnosing disseminated candidiasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Amikacin: a rapid and sensitive radioimmunoassay.

A rapid, sensitive, and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of amikacin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic. Antisera were produced by immunizing rabbits with amikacin conjugated to porcine thyroglobulin. Sera were screened for amikacin antibodies with (3)H-labeled amikacin. Free and bound radioactivity were separated by the second antibody method. As little as 5 ng of the antibiotic can be measured in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. The standard curve is unaffected by pH (5-11), ionic strength (0.01 M to 0.3 M), MgCl(2) or CaCl(2) (1 to 8 mM/liter), or urea (10-300 mg/100 ml). The antibodies raised to amikacin are not able to distinguish between kanamycin and amikacin. The cross reactivity of all other antibiotics tested was <0.1%. Co-incubation of first and second antibody allows for a 30-min incubation period, making the assay useful for stat determinations. The standard curve is linear on a logit-log plot, allowing for rapid computer analysis of the standard curve, interpolation of sample values, and quality-control monitoring.

Amikacin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of urinary tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with cefsulodin.

Effectiveness of cefsulodin in the treatment of urinary tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by means of a comparative study with 123 enrolled patients. Seventy-four patients whose therapy could be evaluated were randomly assigned to therapy with either cefsulodin at various dosages or an aminoglycoside (gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin). In all cases, the treatment course was five to 10 days (mean, 7.4 days), and levels of cefsulodin in the serum of patients administered the lowest dose (250 mg every 6 hr) exceeded the 90% minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of cefsulodin for P. aeruginosa. Cefsulodin therapy cleared P. aeruginosa from 37 of 50 patients, and therapy with an aminoglycoside cleared P. aeruginosa from 16 of 24 patients. The rate of clearance was unrelated to the antibiotic used (cefsulodin, gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin) or to whether patients were catheterized, the infectious agent was resistant to carbenicillin or gentamicin or to 4 micrograms of cefsulodin/ml, or the level of cefsulodin in serum regularly exceeded the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the infecting strain. The mean MIC and MBC for strains isolated from patients who experienced relapse (failure) were not higher than the mean MIC and MBC for strains cleared by cefsulodin.

Adolescent↗