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Biomedical subjects

H A Mucke

Publications and source records attributed to H A Mucke.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cognitive relapse after discontinuation of drug therapy in Alzheimer's disease: cholinesterase inhibitors versus nootropics.

In a cross-sectional study of outpatients diagnosed with dementia of the Alzheimer type who had been treated with a broad variety of drugs supposed to improve cognition or to delay cognitive decline, we have investigated the effects of abruptly discontinuing therapy on cognition. Termination of therapy with any cholinesterase inhibitor was associated with a cognitive decline during the following 6-7 weeks which was significantly more pronounced than that experienced by patients who had received nootropic drugs or calcium channel blockers (3.41 vs. 1.17 points on the ADAS-Cog scale; -1.14 vs. -0.06 points on the MMSE scale). This effect was not modified by gender, apolipoprotein E genotype, or the extent of ventricular enlargement on CT scans. Its magnitude was comparable to the cognitive response observed in published clinical trials when cholinesterase therapy commenced, and also with the data obtained during a 6-week placebo washout phase.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2001

MT-500 (POZEN).

MT-500 (formerly RS-127445) is a 5-HT2B antagonist being developed for the prophylactic treatment of migraine. POZEN acquired MT-500 from Roche in November 1999, and assumed full responsibility for its development for migraine propylaxis. Roche may elect to reacquire the compound at certain stages. The company expected to commence phase II trials during the first half of 2000 [348204]. POZEN has three other compounds, MT-400, MT-300 and MT-100, in phases I, II and III, respectively, for the treatment of acute migraine. Before outlicensing the compound, Roche Bioscience had completed phase I trials with MT-500 which indicate that it has a favorable side effect and safety profile [348204]. In January 2001, US Bancorp Piper Jaffray predicted phase II development beginning in 2001, with a launch in 2006 [396247].

Animals↗
PubMed2000

No evidence for cognitive improvement from oral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in dementia.

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is advertised as an over-the-counter product or dietary supplement to treat Alzheimer's disease. We performed a 3-month open-label study with oral 10 mg/day NADH with 25 patients with mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer, vascular, and fronto-temporal types in addition to their current cholinomimetic drug medication. In 19 patients who completed the study, we found no evidence for any cognitive effect as defined by established psychometric tests. We conclude that NADH is unlikely to achieve cognitive improvements in an extent reported earlier, and present theoretical arguments against an effectiveness of this compound in dementia disorders.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Robalzotan AstraZeneca.

AstraZeneca (formerly Astra) is developing robalzotan, a 5-HT1A antagonist, for the potential treatment of depression and anxiety. The compound has entered phase II trials, and NDA and MAA filings are expected after 2003 [352095,377656]. In August 2000, Lehman Brothers predicted that the compound had a 20% probability of reaching the market, with a predicted launch date of 2005 [384880].

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Non-cognitive symptom profiles in dementia--experience from psychiatric services and memory clinics].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the non-cognitive symptoms in 153 consecutive dementia patients admitted to our psychiatric ward or seen at the gerontopsychiatric ambulance and Memory Clinic. METHODS: We used the Global Deterioration Scale, the Hachinski Ischaemia Score, the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression, and the Mini-Mental State Exam as staging tools in a cross-sectional design. A semi-quantitative 34-item questionnaire based on the Columbia University Scale for Psychopathology was employed to assess non-cognitive symptoms as reported by caregivers. RESULTS: All patients had disturbances of affect, 95% of behavior and 71% of motivation, while 52% and 29% had delusions and hallucinations, respectively. Delusions, but not hallucinations, were correlated with verbal and physical aggressiveness. Factor analysis extracted three complex variables which accounted for 40.6 percent of the observed total variance, and which were subsequently interpreted as manifestations of agitation, burdensome behavior, and depression. Using these variables, we then identified three categories of patients: Agitated, debilitated, and depressive-anxious. Depression and anxiety were most common 3-4 years after diagnosis. Patients with Alzheimer's disease had less severe behavioral and psychotic symptoms than those with other types of dementia. Agitation, depression, and loss of competence in daily living had a greater impact on caregivers than aggression and psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSION: The non-cognitive symptom profile is related to the type of dementia, and shifts dynamically with disease progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Alcohol-induced organic cerebral psychosyndromes: partial reversal of cognitive impairments assisted by dihydroergocristine.

Chronic alcohol abusers show a specific pattern of cerebral damage associated with cognitive and behavioral defects known as the organic cerebral psychosyndrome, which is partially reversible upon discontinuation of ethanol consumption. To assess the potential of nootropic drug therapy in alcohol rehabilitation in a double-blind study design, 56 consecutive patients who participated in routine rehabilitation therapy received 2 x 3 mg/day dihydroergocristine or placebo in tablet form over 6-13 weeks. Forty-nine patients completed the protocol. Although significant improvement was seen in both groups, we could document a specific cognitive restitution effect attributable to dihydroergocristine. Significant differences in favor of the active drug group were demonstrated by Mini-Mental State Examination, Syndrome Brief Test, Paired Words Test, in the neuropsychiatric Brief Cognitive Rating Scale assessments, and in the Clinical Global Impression of Change rating. No significant between-group differences were found in the Digit Symbol Test and the Block Design Test as well as in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Dihydroergocristine was equivalent to placebo in terms of subjective drug tolerance, lack of side effects, and laboratory parameters. Based on this profile of efficacy and safety, we recommend dihydroergocristine as an adjuvant drug in alcohol rehabilitation.

Adult↗